Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter in Southeast Texas using a source-oriented 3D air quality model |
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| Authors: | Hongliang Zhang Qi Ying |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal;2. Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal;3. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany;4. ISEL-IPL, Lisbon College of Engineering, Polytechnical Institute of Lisbon, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, Lisboa 1959-007, Portugal;5. Centre for Structural Chemistry (CQE), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal;1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;2. Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 314000, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institu te of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | A nested version of the source-oriented externally mixed UCD/CIT model was developed to study the source contributions to airborne particulate matter (PM) during a two-week long air quality episode during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study (TexAQS 2000). Contributions to primary PM and secondary ammonium sulfate in the Houston–Galveston Bay (HGB) and Beaumont–Port Arthur (BPA) areas were determined.The predicted 24-h elemental carbon (EC), organic compounds (OC), sulfate, ammonium ion and primary PM2.5 mass are in good agreement with filter-based observations. Predicted concentrations of hourly sulfate, ammonium ion, and primary OC from diesel and gasoline engines and biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) at La Porte, Texas agree well with measurements from an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS).The UCD/CIT model predicts that EC is mainly from diesel engines and majority of the primary OC is from internal combustion engines and industrial sources. Open burning contributes large fractions of EC, OC and primary PM2.5 mass. Road dust, internal combustion engines and industries are the major sources of primary PM2.5. Wildfire dominates the contributions to all primary PM components in areas near the fires. The predicted source contributions to primary PM are in general agreement with results from a chemical mass balance (CMB) model. Discrepancy between the two models suggests that further investigations on the industrial PM emissions are necessary.Secondary ammonium sulfate accounts for the majority of the secondary inorganic PM. Over 80% of the secondary sulfate in the 4 km domain is produced in upwind areas. Coal combustion is the largest source of sulfate. Ammonium ion is mainly from agriculture sources and contributions from gasoline vehicles are significant in urban areas. |
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