The impact of CO2 capture in the power and heat sector on the emission of SO2, NOx,particulate matter,volatile organic compounds and NH3 in the European Union |
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| Authors: | Joris Koornneef Andrea Ramirez Toon van Harmelen Arjan van Horssen Wim Turkenburg Andre Faaij |
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| Institution: | 1. Copernicus Institute, Group Science Technology and Society, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. CSIRO Energy Flagship, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, NSW 2304, Australia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology Australia, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;3. Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;1. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, TN 37996, USA;1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;2. Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety (MOE), School of Mechanical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;4. School of Business Society and Technology, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden;5. School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;1. CERENA, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, n° 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, ISEL – Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | This study quantifies the trade-offs and synergies between climate and air quality policy objectives for the European power and heat (P&H) sector. An overview is presented of the expected performance data of CO2 capture systems implemented at P&H plants, and the expected emission of key air pollutants, being: SO2, NOX, NH3, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM). The CO2 capture systems investigated include: post-combustion, oxyfuel combustion and pre-combustion capture.For all capture systems it was found that SO2, NOx and PM emissions are expected to be reduced or remain equal per unit of primary energy input compared to power plants without CO2 capture. Increase in primary energy input as a result of the energy penalty for CO2 capture may for some technologies and substances result in a net increase of emissions per kWh output. The emission of ammonia may increase by a factor of up to 45 per unit of primary energy input for post-combustion technologies. No data are available about the emission of VOCs from CO2 capture technologies.A simple model was developed and applied to analyse the impact of CO2 capture in the European P&H sector on the emission level of key air pollutants in 2030. Four scenarios were developed: one without CO2 capture and three with one dominantly implemented CO2 capture system, varying between: post-combustion, oxyfuel combustion and pre-combustion.The results showed a reduction in GHG emissions for the scenarios with CO2 capture compared to the baseline scenario between 12% and 20% in the EU 27 region in 2030. NOx emissions were 15% higher in the P&H sector in a scenario with predominantly post-combustion and lower when oxyfuel combustion (?16%) or pre-combustion (?20%) were implemented on a large scale. Large scale implementation of the post-combustion technology in 2030 may also result in significantly higher, i.e. increase by a factor of 28, NH3 emissions compared to scenarios with other CO2 capture options or without capture. SO2 emissions were very low for all scenarios that include large scale implementation of CO2 capture in 2030, i.e. a reduction varying between 27% and 41%. Particulate Matter emissions were found to be lower in the scenarios with CO2 capture. The scenario with implementation of the oxyfuel technology showed the lowest PM emissions followed by the scenario with a significant share allocated to pre-combustion, respectively ?59% and ?31%. The scenario with post-combustion capture resulted in PM emissions varying between 35% reduction and 26% increase. |
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