Speciation and diurnal variation of thoracic,fine thoracic and sub-micrometer airborne particulate matter at naturally ventilated office environments |
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| Authors: | Benjamin Horemans René Van Grieken |
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| Institution: | 1. Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;2. MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King''s College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom;3. Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Sialvera & Bakola Street, 50100 Kozani, Greece;5. The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 49, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands;6. Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland;7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and INFN-Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;8. Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Université Paris Est, 84 avenue Jean Jaurés, Champs-sur-Marne, F-77447 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France;1. Scientific and Technical Centre for Building (CSTB), Marne-la-Vallée, France;2. University of Milan, Milan, Italy;3. Università degli Studi dell''Insubria, Como, Italy;4. Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary;5. National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rome, Italy;6. The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Delft, The Netherlands;7. University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece;8. National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland;9. Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI), Porto, Portugal;10. National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | Thoracic (PM10), fine thoracic (PM2.5) and sub-micrometer (PM1) airborne particulate matter was sampled during day and night. In total, about 100 indoor and outdoor samples were collected for each fraction at ten different office environments. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and ion chromatography were applied for the quantification of some major and minor elements and ions in the collected aerosols. During daytime, mass concentrations were in the ranges: 11–29, 8.1–24, and 6.6–18 μg m?3, with averages of 20 ± 1, 15.0 ± 0.9, and 11.0 ± 0.8 μg m?3, respectively. At night, mass concentrations were found to be significantly lower for all fractions. Indoor PM1 concentrations exceeded the corresponding outdoor levels during office hours and were thought to be elevated by office printers. Particles with diameters between 1 and 2.5 μm and 2.5 and 10 μm were mainly associated with soil dust elements and were clearly subjected to distinct periods of settling/resuspension. Indoor NO3? levels were found to follow specific microclimatic conditions at the office environments, while daytime levels of sub-micrometer Cl? were possibly elevated by the use of Cl-containing cleaning products. Indoor carbon black concentrations were sometimes as high as 22 μg m?3 and were strongly correlated with outdoor traffic conditions. |
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