Validation of in-situ measurements of volatile organic compounds through flask sampling and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis |
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| Authors: | Chih-Chung Chang Chang-Feng OuYang Chieh-Heng Wang Sen-Wei Chiang Jia-Lin Wang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;2. Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan;3. Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;1. Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan;2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan;3. RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;4. Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui-kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8511, Japan;1. Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University College of Technical Mining and Civil Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Rafael Moreno ''Pitxitxi'' 2, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;2. Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;1. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, China;2. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA;1. Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Brinellgatan 4, 504 62 Borås, Sweden;2. National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Rd, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom;3. Van Swinden Laboratorium B.V. (VSL), Thijsseweg 11, 2629 JA Delft, The Netherlands;4. Institut national de l''environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Rue Jacques Taffanel, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France;5. ?esky metrologicky institut (?MI), Okru?ní 31/772, 638 00 Brno, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Continuous monitoring of ambient non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) by automated gas chromatographs equipped with flame ionization detection (termed in-situ GC/FID) with hourly data resolution was instated in ozone non-attainment areas throughout Taiwan. Performance of these on-site in-situ GCs was validated by manual flask sampling, as well as by in-lab gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. More than 50 VOCs from C2 to C11 were analyzed by both methods. Ninety flask samples were collected in series near an in-situ GC monitoring station in order to closely compare with the in-situ measurements. Both time-series and scatter plots from the two methods are displayed and discussed. It was found that over-simplified, un-humidified single-point calibration leading to surface loss was responsible for the bias in the in-situ method, resulting in greater error in accuracy as VOC volatility decreased. Although this over-estimate of the concentrations was found across all target VOCs, both methods were able to consistently capture the variability of ambient VOCs, with R2 values greater than 0.9 for most of the major VOCs. |
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