Ambient TSP concentration and dustfall in major cities of China: Spatial distribution and temporal variability |
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| Authors: | XX Zhang PJ Shi LY Liu Y Tang HW Cao XN Zhang X Hu LL Guo YL Lue ZQ Qu ZJ Jia YY Yang |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, MOE (Beijing Normal University), Beijing 100875, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (Beijing Normal University), Beijing100875, China;3. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, MCA/MOE (Beijing Normal University), Beijing 100875, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA 949804, USA;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China;2. Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. INRA, Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers UR 1138, F-54280 Champenoux, France;2. ANDRA, Centre Meuse Haute Marne, F-55290 Bure, France |
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| Abstract: | Based on environmental monitoring data in 93 major cities and meteorological records at 398 weather stations in China from 1981 to 2007, total suspended particle (TSP) concentration, the intensity of dustfall, and sand and dust storm frequency (Fd) were analysed. During the past 27 years, the annual average TSP concentration (CTSP) in 93 cities was 402 μg m?3. Annual average CTSP decreased from the north to the south and from inland to the coast areas with a peak value of 628.8 μg m?3 in Lanzhou. In the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, annual average CTSP was 628.7, 319.2, and 250.1 μg m?3, respectively. Annual average intensity of dustfall (Id) was 240.5 t km?2 a?1, decreased from northern to southern China and from inland to the coast areas with the maximum value of 717.2 t km?2 a?1 in Baotou. In the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, annual average Id was 334.8, 220.9, 146 t km?2 a?1 respectively. Annual average Id in the Loess Plateau region was commonly higher than 200 t km?2 a?1. The annual average Fd decreased from arid regions in northwestern China to humid areas in southeastern China with two sand and sand storm centers existing in Xinjiang Taklamakan Desert and western Inner Mongolia. The annual average Fd in the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s was 16, 8, 6 days respectively, decreased steadily from 18 days in 1981–5 days in 2007. Annual average Id had a positive linear relation to annual average CTSP (R2 = 0.96). Annual average Fd had a positive relation with annual average CTSP (R2 = 0.97) as well as annual average Id (R2 = 0.94). TSP was the chief pollutant influencing Air Pollution Index (API) in northern China in spring and winter seasons. Sand and dust storm might be a major factor affecting the temporal variability and spatial distribution of TSP and dustfall in China. |
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