Improved land cover and emission factors for modeling biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from Hong Kong |
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| Authors: | DYC Leung P Wong BKH Cheung A Guenther |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China;2. Air Science Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, China;3. National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99532, USA;3. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China;4. Key Laboratory of Climate-Environment for East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;1. National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), Porano (TR), Italy;2. Global Change Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura (CRA), Research Center for the Soil-Plant System, Rome, Italy;4. Sapienza University, Department of Plant Biology, Rome, Italy;5. Dept. of Science and Technology for the Environment, University of Molise, Italy;6. National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Plant Protection, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes a study of local biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emissions from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). An improved land cover and emission factor database was developed to estimate Hong Kong emissions using MEGAN, a BVOC emission model developed by Guenther et al. (2006). Field surveys of plant species composition and laboratory measurements of emission factors were combined with other data to improve existing land cover and emission factor data. The BVOC emissions from Hong Kong were calculated for 12 consecutive years from 1995 to 2006. For the year 2006, the total annual BVOC emissions were determined to be 12,400 metric tons or 9.82 × 109 g C (BVOC carbon). Isoprene emission accounts for 72%, monoterpene emissions account for 8%, and other VOCs emissions account for the remaining 20%. As expected, seasonal variation results in a higher emission in the summer and a lower emission in the winter, with emission predominantly in day time. A high emission of isoprene occurs for regions, such as Lowest Forest-NT North, dominated by broadleaf trees. The spatial variation of total BVOC is similar to the isoprene spatial variation due to its high contribution. The year to year variability in emissions due to weather was small over the twelve-year period (?1.4%, 2006 to 1995 trendline), but an increasing trend in the annual variation due to an increase in forest land cover can be observed (+7%, 2006 to 1995 trendline). The results of this study demonstrate the importance of accurate land cover inputs for biogenic emission models and indicate that land cover change should be considered for these models. |
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