Aerosol indirect effect during successive contrasting monsoon seasons over Indian subcontinent using MODIS data

Aerosol indirect effect (AIE) was estimated over six Indian regions, which have been identified as main source regions of absorbing aerosol emissions, for four successive contrasting monsoon years, 2001 (normal monsoon rainfall year), 2002 (drought year), 2003 (excess monsoon rainfall year) and 2004 (below normal rainfall year). The AIE has been estimated both for fixed cloud liquid water path (CLWP) and for fixed cloud ice path (CIP) bins, ranging from 1 to 350 gm^?2 at 25 gm^?2 intervals obtained from Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). In 2002 and 2004, AIE found to be of positive (Twomey effect) in majority of the fixed CLWP and CIP bins, while in 2001 and 2003 majority of the bins were found to be showing negative indirect effect (Anti-Twomey effect). Changes in circulation patterns during contrasting monsoon seasons, bringing up air mass containing aerosols of different source origins may be the main reason for this positive and negative AIE. The study suggests that AIE could be one of the factors in modulating Indian summer monsoon. However, further research on this topic is to be carried out to establish the relationship between AIE and Indian monsoon rainfall and also AIE values may be parameterized in climate models for better prediction of monsoon.