Simulating the fine and coarse inorganic particulate matter concentrations in a polluted megacity |
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| Authors: | Vlassis A Karydis Alexandra P Tsimpidi Christos Fountoukis Athanasios Nenes Miguel Zavala Wenfang Lei Luisa T Molina Spyros N Pandis |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;3. Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 9472 0, USA;4. Earth Science and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, IHC complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi-3, India;5. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;6. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA;7. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, VA, Italy;8. School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio,1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, CEP 03828-000 São Paulo, Brazil;9. GAGO Inc., San Jose, CA 95131, USA;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China;3. SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China;2. Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany;3. International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China;4. Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Sciences and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China;5. CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, China |
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| Abstract: | A three dimensional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) is applied to the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) in order to simulate the chemical composition and mass of the major PM1 (fine) and PM1–10 (coarse) inorganic components and determine the effect of mineral dust on their formation. The aerosol thermodynamic model ISORROPIA-II is used to explicitly simulate the effect of Ca, Mg, and K from dust on semi-volatile partitioning and water uptake. The hybrid approach is applied to simulate the inorganic components, assuming that the smallest particles are in thermodynamic equilibrium, while describing the mass transfer to and from the larger ones. The official MCMA 2004 emissions inventory with improved dust and NaCl emissions is used. The comparison between the model predictions and measurements during a week of April of 2003 at Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Capacitacion Ambiental (CENICA) “Supersite” shows that the model reproduces reasonably well the fine mode composition and its diurnal variation. Sulfate predicted levels are relatively uniform in the area (approximately 3 μg m?3), while ammonium nitrate peaks in Mexico City (approximately 7 μg m?3) and its concentration rapidly decreases due to dilution and evaporation away from the urban area. In areas of high dust concentrations, the associated alkalinity is predicted to increase the concentration of nitrate, chloride and ammonium in the coarse mode by up to 2 μg m?3 (a factor of 10), 0.4 μg m?3, and 0.6 μg m?3 (75%), respectively. The predicted ammonium nitrate levels inside Mexico City for this period are sensitive to the physical state (solid versus liquid) of the particles during periods with RH less than 50%. |
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