抗生素菌渣堆肥进程中微生物群落的变化

将青霉素菌渣、林可霉素菌渣与牛粪等原料分别进行好氧堆肥实验，以考察堆肥过程中不同菌渣对微生物群落的影响。在堆制的41d里，根据温度变化分阶段采集堆肥样品，采用稀释倒平板法测定细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量。结果表明，菌渣不同，其堆肥中的微生物群落变化趋势不同。青霉素菌渣堆肥中细菌数量变化趋势为高一低，真菌数量变化趋势为高一低．高，放线菌数量为逐渐增加；林可霉素菌渣堆肥过程中细菌数量变化趋势为低一高一低，放线菌和真菌数量变化趋势为高．低．高。依据真菌菌落形态观察，菌渣堆肥中的真菌种类比对照牛粪堆肥单一，表明两种菌渣对堆肥中的微生物多样性均产生了不利影响。林可霉素菌渣堆肥初始时的细菌数量比对照低1个数量级，放线菌数量在整个堆肥进程中都明显低于对照，堆肥结束时，随着菌渣含量的增加，放线菌数量逐渐下降，高温期真菌数量下降幅度随着菌渣含量增加而加大，表明林可霉素菌渣对细菌、放线菌和真菌均有不同程度的抑制。堆肥化后菌渣中林可霉素残留量的减少表明，在一定条件下堆肥处理可以将抗生素菌渣无害化和资源化。

Changes of microbial communities during composting of antibiotic biowaste with diary manure

The effect of antibiotic biowaste on the microbial communities was investigated during thermophilic composting of antibiotic biowaste from bio-pharmaceutical factory with diary manure. After mixing thoroughly, samples were taken according to the changes of composting temperature. The quantities of all kinds of microorganism were determined by plate counting method. The results showed that the changes of the microbial quantity during composting with penicillin biowaste were different from that during composting with lincomycin biowaste. In penicillin compost the changes of the quantity of bacteria and fungi followed high-low rule and high-low-high rule, respectively. The abundance of actinomycete increased gradually. In lincomycin compost the changes of actinomycete and fungi count followed the high-low-high rule, but the bacteria quantity varied in the order of the low-high-low. Based on the morphology of fungi colony, penicillin and lincomycin biowaste both had adverse influence on the diversity of the microbial community in compost. The bacteria number in lincomycin compost was a tenth less than that in the control at the beginning. The actinomycete number in all treatments was always less obviously than that in the control during composting. The actinomycete number in sample decreased gradually with lincomycin biowaste content increasing at the end of composting. The fall span of fungi number became bigger with the increase of lincomycin biowaste content in thermophilic stage of compost. So the lincomycin biowaste had an inhibition on the growth of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi at different levels during composting. The decrease of lincomycin residues demonstrated that the composting could make antibiotic biowaste harmless and resource under certain conditions.