利用好氧硝化颗粒污泥SBR处理分离尿液的研究

在不同接种污泥条件下的序批式活性污泥系统（sequencing batch reactor, SBR）中,研究了分离尿液（source-separated urine, SSU)的处理情况和污泥特性.在硝化污泥接种的SBR中,对SSU中的可生化降解有机物具有较高的去除效率,而对其中氨氮的硝化效率很低,系统中没有出现生物体聚集状态的污泥.在用实验室内培养的好氧颗粒污泥接种的SBR系统中,对SSU不仅有较高的有机物去除效率,同时还可以有效实现氨氮的硝化过程,经过约70 d的运行之后,系统中出现了稳定状态的生物聚集体——好氧硝化颗粒污泥,氨氮容积负荷以氮计算为0.5 kg/（m³·d）.好氧硝化颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降效果和活性,颗粒表面聚集着硝化杆菌和球菌.好氧硝化颗粒污泥的粒径比接种的好氧颗粒污泥的粒径有较明显的减少,沉降速率却比相同粒径的好氧颗粒污泥有较大的改善.好氧硝化颗粒污泥对SSU中有机物和氨氮的转化效率都在90％以上,有效地保证了反应器中较小生长速率的硝化细菌的数量并实现系统的稳定运行.

Aerobic Nitrifying Granulation Fed with Source-Separated Urine in Sequencing Batch Reactor

Morphological characteristics of aerobic nitrifying granules that were utilized to treat the diluted source-separated urine were investigated in two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors. In the first sequencing batch reactor, which was inoculated with nitrifying bacteria, the COD of effluent was markedly decreased while the nitrification rate was very low. Aerobic nitrifying granules were not appeared in the first bioreactor. In the other SBR system that was inoculated with aerobic granules cultivated in the laboratory, the COD and ammonia in source-separated urine were effectively removed and the removal rate was more than 90%. Under operational condition that influent ammonia volume rate was 0.5 kg/(m3 x d) for 70 days, the aerobic nitrifying granules were stable in the reactor. Aerobic nitrifying granules have well settleability and metabolize activity, the surface of granules was occupied by nitrifying bacillus and cocci bacteria. Contrast to the inoculating aerobic granules, the diameter of aerobic nitrifying granules dramatically decreased to more than 2 mm and the settle velocity were greater than that of aerobic granules which have the same diameter.