区域生态效率评价及其空间计量分析

当今经济发展和资源环境的矛盾日益突出,这使得人们越来越重视生态效率的提高，对区域生态效率水平进行准确评价、分析其影响因素对于建设“两型”社会，实现可持续发展有着重要的理论意义和政策参考价值。基于2010年中国各省域资源环境及经济统计数据，采用基于熵值赋权的灰色综合评价法对我国省域生态效率的优劣做出了评价；然后运用空间统计和空间误差模型对我国省域生态效率水平的空间关联机制及其影响因素进行了实证分析。研究表明：（1）我国区域生态效率呈东高西低的梯度分布格局，具有明显的“俱乐部收敛”现象，存在显著的空间相关性和集聚性；（2）利用外资、人力资源、产业结构3因素对生态效率产生显著的正向影响；（3）环境污染治理投资(以下简称环污投资)没有发挥应有的作用；（4）排污收费制度对区域生态效率的影响不显著。最后，根据实证分析结果，提出了如下政策建议：(1)转变经济发展方式，促进产业结构高级化；(2)积极有效利用外资；(3)加大教育科研投入，提高人口素质和科技水平；(4)加强环污投资资金的管理和政府部门的日常监管工作；（5）生态效率水平的提高是一个系统工程，要从多角度、全方位统筹考虑

EVALUATION AND SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON REGIONAL ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY

Nowadays,the contradiction between economic development and resources environment is increasingly prominent,which makes people pay more and more attention to ecological efficiency.So,for the construction of “two types” society and realizing sustainable development,it has an important theoretical significance and policy reference value to accurately evaluate regional ecological efficiency level and analyze its influencing factors.Based on the Chinese provincial statistics about resources,environment and economy in 2010,China provincial ecological efficiency was evaluated,by the use of entropy weight method and grey comprehensive evaluation method.Then,the spatial statistics method and spatial error model was used to empirically analyze China provincial ecological efficiency.The results show as follows.(1) Ecological efficiency China had a gradient distribution pattern(the east is higher than the west),had significant spatial correlation and clustering,and had an obvious “club convergence” phenomenon.(2)The three factors,such as using foreign capital,human resources,industrial structure,had significant positive impact.(3)The investment,which controled environmental pollution,did not play its due role as expected.(4)The pollution charge system did not influence regional ecological efficiency significantly.At last,according to the results of empirical analysis,some related policy suggestions were put forward as follows.(1) The pattern of economic development should be transformed and the industrial structure should be upgraded.(2) Foreign capital should be actively and effectively used.(3) The investment to education and scientific research should be increased to improve the quality of the population and the level of science and technology.(4)The management of the investment fund controling environmental pollution and the government departments daily supervision work should be strengthened.(5) It is a systems engineering to improve ecological efficiency,which should take into consideration comprehensively from multi angle.