甘南州生态补偿区域空间选择方案的比较

在预算约束和无预算约束条件下，分别模拟了6种不同的生态补偿区域选择方案，并采用比较研究方法，从补偿资金效率、补偿对象特征、吸纳的贫困人口、补偿额的分配情况、生态重要性、生态脆弱性和项目成本等7个方面对6种方案进行了对比分析。结果表明：风险效益成本比标准方案的补偿资金效率最高，在生态重要性和生态脆弱性方面占优势，但方案的参与率最低，补偿的乡镇数量和贫困人口最少，在项目成本方面占劣势；效益成本比标准方案的补偿资金效率和参与率较高，补偿乡镇数量较多，贫困人口的参与率最高，在生态重要性和项目成本方面占优势，但在生态脆弱性方面占劣势；效益标准方案的补偿资金效率较高，补偿的乡镇数量较多，参与率最高，补偿的贫困人口最多，在生态重要性和生态脆弱性方面占优势，但补偿面积最少，在项目成本方面占劣势；成本标准方案的补偿面积最大，补偿的乡镇数量最多，参与率较高，补偿的贫困人口也较多，在生态重要性和项目成本方面占优势，但补偿资金效率最低，在生态脆弱性方面占劣势；如果不存在预算约束，只考虑生态脆弱性，风险标准方案最合适，可避免处于退化风险的草地没有得到补偿；统一标准方案可补偿整个区域，亩均补偿额相同，补偿额在补偿区上分配公平，方案实施便利，简单易行，但需要庞大的资金预算，且实施困难较大,补偿资金效率很低

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SELECTION SCHEMES OF ECO-COMPENSATION REGIONS IN GANNAN TIBETAN AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE

Using data from the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,this paper reported simulations of six different ecological compensation schemes both with and without a budget constraint,and analyzed all the schemes by comparing the efficiency of compensation funds,the characteristics of the selected compensation objects,the impoverished people involved in the compensation,the distribution of compensation amount, ecological importance,ecological fragility,and project costs.The following conclusions were drawn.The risk benefit cost standards scheme had the highest efficiency in the compensatory fund,and had advantages in terms of ecological importance and ecological fragility.However,this program had the lowest participation rate and the least number of compensation towns and impoverished people,and had disadvantages in the project cost.The cost effectiveness standards scheme had a higher efficiency in the compensation fund and relatively high participation rate,larger number of compensated towns and the highest participation rate of the poor population.This program had advantages considering ecological importance and project cost,but would suffer from disadvantages in terms of ecological fragility.The efficiency standards scheme had higher efficiency in the compensation fund,a relatively large number of compensated towns and the highest participation rate,and could compensate the largest number of the poor.This program had advantages in both the ecological importance and ecological fragility,but with the least compensation area and had disadvantages in the project cost.The cost standards scheme had the largest compensation area,the largest number of compensated townships and relatively high participation rate, and might compensate more impoverished people.It had advantages in the ecological importance and project cost.Nevertheless,it had the least efficiency in the compensation fund and would suffer from disadvantages in terms of ecological fragility.If there was no budget constraint and only the ecological fragility was taken into account,the risk standards scheme should be the most appropriate one,because it compensated the degraded grassland.The unified standards program compensated the entire region,and the allocation of compensation fee in the area was fair,the program was facile to implement.But this program required a large capital budget,which might hamper its implementation,and the efficiency of compensation funds was very low.〖