火法炼铜能耗与碳排放情景分析——基于生命周期的视角

以火法炼铜全生命周期过程为研究对象,采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,定量评价不同熔炼工艺生产铜过程的能源消耗和温室气体排放,并应用情景分析法,对2020年我国火法炼铜不同工艺技术结构下的能耗与碳排放强度进行比较,旨在为铜冶炼行业的结构调整与优化升级提供决策支持。结果表明,基于鼓风熔炼、闪速熔炼和熔池熔炼工艺的火法生产铜过程的能耗分别为147.80×103,96.68×103,104.20×103MJ;其碳排放强度分别为15.32×103,8.99×103,10.01×103kg CO2当量。设定的4种情景的能耗分别为111.60×103,103.37×103,101.19×103,99.69×103MJ;其碳排放强度分别为10.87×103,9.87×103,9.60×103,9.40×103kg CO2当量。由此可知,传统工艺鼓风炉熔炼较闪速熔炼及熔池熔炼的能耗更高,且导致了更多的温室气体排放。因此,大力发展闪速熔炼及熔池熔炼技术对降低铜生命周期的能耗及碳排放具有重要意义,彻底淘汰传统熔炼工艺,推广先进熔炼技术是减少火法铜生产环境影响的迫切任务。

Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions Scenario Analysis of Pyrometallurgical Copper Based on LCA

In this paper,the pyrometallurgical copper production on different smelting processes is studied by life cycle assessment(LCA) method,to make a quantitative evaluation on energy consumption and carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of copper production.Moreover,the energy consumption and carbon emissions scenario are designed on the possible process structures of different smelting technology in 2020,aiming at providing policy support to the structural adjustment and optimization of China’s copper production.The results showed that the energy consumption of pyrometallurgical copper production on ISF smelting,flash smelting,and bath smelting processes respectively are 147.80,96.68,and 104.20×103MJ,and the carbon emission intensity are 15.32,8.99,10.01×103kg CO2 eq;the energy consumption of four scenarios are 111.60,103.37,101.19,and 99.69×103 MJ,respectively,and the carbon emission intensity are 10.87,9.87,9.60,and 9.40×103kg CO2 eq.As a result,traditional ISF smelting has the highest energy consumption and carbon emissions comparing with the other two.Therefore,it is urgent to eliminate outdate smelting technology,and promote advanced technology to reduce the environmental burden of pyrometallurgical copper production.