包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属的空间分布及来源解析

以包头市某铝厂周边500 m内土壤为研究对象,土壤按0~5 cm、5~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm分层取样,共采集64个土壤样品,测试了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni、Mn共7种重金属含量,运用相关性分析和主成分分析区分厂区周边重金属的来源.结果表明Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni和Mn含量分别为32.9、50.35、69.92、43.78、0.54、554.42和36.65 mg·kg~(-1),受测的7种重金属与内蒙古背景值相比均超标;重金属空间分布表明,重金属在西南方向明显富集,且在表层土壤(0~5 cm)重金属含量最高,重金属含量随深度的增加而降低,在20 cm以下的土层趋于稳定;来源分析表明,土壤周边重金属Cu、Zn、Cr和Mn的来源可能受铝厂及周边工业活动的影响;Pb和Cd来源可能主要与道路交通有关;Ni的主要来源可能受农业活动和土壤母质共同作用.

Soil Heavy Metal Spatial Distribution and Source Analysis Around an Aluminum Plant in Baotou

The soil with 500 m distance from an aluminum plant in Baotou was studied. A total of 64 soil samples were taken from the 0-5 cm, 5-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers, and the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni and Mn were tested, respectively. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to identify the sources of these heavy metals in soils. The results suggested that the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni and Mn in study area were 32.9, 50.35, 69.92, 43.78, 0.54, 554.42 and 36.65 mg ·kg^-1 respectively. All seven heavy metals tested were overweight compared with the background values of soil in Inner Mongolia. The spatial distribution of heavy metals showed that the horizontal distribution of heavy metals was obviously enriched in the southwest, while in vertical distribution, the heavy metal content (0 to 5 cm) was highest in the surface soil, and the heavy metal content decreased with increasing depth and tended to be stabilized when the depth was over 20 cm. Source analysis showed that the source of Cu, Zn, Cr and Mn might be influenced by the aluminum plant and the surrounding industrial activity. The source of Pb and Cd might be mainly related to road transportation. The source of Ni may be affected by agricultural activities and soil parent material together.