覆盖作物及耕作方法对土壤丝状真菌生物量的影响

以日本国立大学法人茨城大学农学部田间科学教育研究中心附属农场为研究对象,在不同季节(2004年5月、10月和2005年5月、10月)对农田采取旋耕、梨耕和免耕处理,并在每一耕作处理区分别种植黑麦(Secale cereale L .)、毛野豌豆(Vicia villosa Roth)和杂草(休闲处理对照区),来研究覆盖作物及耕作方法对土壤中真菌生物量的影响效果.结果表明,在免耕处理区,覆盖黑麦、毛野豌豆和杂草的土壤表层(0～10 cm)中,其真菌的牛物量均分别高于相应覆盖物的深层土壤(10～30 cm)中真菌的生物量,并且覆盖黑麦的土壤表层中真菌的生物量比覆盖毛野豌豆的高很多,在2004年5月和10月测得的土壤表层中,覆盖黑麦的真菌生物量分别是覆盖毛野豌豆的1.2和1.8倍,在2005年5月和10月,分别是1.6和1.2倍.对旋耕和梨耕处理区,在不同深度的土层和覆盖物的条件下,真菌生物量均没有明显变化.从上述结果,不同的耕作方式和覆盖不同的作物都会影响土壤中真菌的生物量,并且,免耕和覆盖黑麦相结合,对土壤表层中的真菌生物量影响最为显著.另外,在不同的土壤层之间,表层中的真菌生物量要高于深层土壤.

The influence of cover crops and tillage system on fungal biomass in soil

The study sites were established at the Field Science Center, Ibaraki University, College of Agriculture, located in the Kanto plains of Japan. The experiments were designed with three replications consisting of tillage systems(plow, rotary, and no-till) and species of cover crops [fallow, rye(Secale cereale L .) and hairy vetch] in the May and October of 2004 and 2005 respectively. Results showed that the contents of fungal biomass in upper soil(0～10 cm) was higher than that in deep soil(10～30 cm) in the no-till soil. In addition, the fungal biomass in the upper soil covering with rye was much higher than covering with hairy vetch, with the increase of 1.2 and 1.8 times in 2004,1.6 and 1.2 times in 2005, respectively. In plow and rotary till practices, no sharp difference has been found for the fungal biomass covering with different crops. In summary, the fungal biomass can be strongly influenced by different agriculture tillage practices and showed the significant higher contents in upper soil than that in deeper soil.