再生铅冶炼行业典型工艺的铅污染物质流分析

将物质流分析应用于我国再生铅冶炼行业典型工艺(铅膏炼前预脱硫—还原熔炼—精炼)的铅污染研究,构建了再生铅冶炼过程的铅元素流图,并针对铅污染提出了应对措施。研究结果表明:再生铅典型工艺的铅直收率、铅回收率、铅废物循环利用率分别为85.38%,93.96%,97.57%;应重点监控的铅有组织排放依次为外排烟气、熔炼渣、脱硫石膏渣;针对外排烟气中铅烟尘的PM2.5占比高及铅烟尘活性较高易于释放的特点,应选用高效除尘器,进一步提高细烟尘的捕集率;铅无名损失的重点工序依次为熔炼工序、电解精炼工序、合金熔铸工序;冶炼烟尘返回熔炼炉时,应增加制粒工序,以降低熔炼炉的烟尘率。

Substance Flow Analysis of Lead Pollution in Typical Process of Secondary Lead Smelting Industry

The process of former pastel mill pre-desulfurization-reducing smelting-refining is the typical process of secondary lead smelting industry in China. Lead pollution in the process is researched by material flow analysis. The flow diagram of lead in secondary lead smelting process is constructed and the measures dealing with lead pollution are put forward. The research results show that：The direct recovery,recovery and reuse rate of lead in the typical secondary lead smelting process are 85.38%,93.96%,97.57%,respectively;The key monitoring lead organized emission sources are in the order of flue gas,smelting slag,gypsum slag;In view of the characteristics of high PM2.5 ratio and high activity of lead dust,the high efficiency dust collector should be used to increase the collection rate of fine dust;The key processes of lead unknown damage are in the order of smelting process,electrolytic refining process,alloy casting process;Before smelting dusts return to the smelting furnace,the granulation process should be added to reduce the dust rate.