污水处理厂污泥处理处置过程中的恶臭污染特征与恶臭物质减排控制措施

随着污水处理厂规模的不断扩大，污泥产量持续增加。虽然“重水轻泥”现象已有所改变，但污泥处理处置技术仍面临各种挑战。污泥处理处置过程中的恶臭污染会对周围环境和人群健康造成不利影响，极易引发民众投诉，是提高污泥处理效率、实现污泥资源化利用的难点之一。污泥释放的恶臭物质组分复杂，且影响污泥恶臭释放的因素较多，目前针对污泥处理处置过程中恶臭产生机制和释放规律的研究尚不深入，导致污泥控臭除臭处理的效果仍不理想。因此，在归纳总结污泥常见恶臭物质及其产生来源的基础上，详细阐述了不同处理处置方式下污泥的恶臭污染特征与产生机制，从源头减排、过程控制、末端治理、排放管理4个方面评述了污泥恶臭减排控制措施的原理和发展前景，讨论了污泥恶臭污染防治的复杂性和挑战，以期为污泥恶臭污染防控提供参考。

Odor characteristics of wastewater treatment plant sludge during treatment and disposal and emission reduction control measures: A short review

As the scale of sewage treatment plants expanded, the production of sludge continuously increased in China. Although the treatment of sludge has been gradually paid more attention, the development of sludge treatment technology is still facing various challenges. Odor pollution emitted from sludge treatment and disposal cause negative effects on the surrounding environment and public health, and easily lead to public complaints. The deodorization is one of the technical problems that must be solved to improve the sludge treatment efficiency and to implement the sludge resource utilization. The component of malodorous compounds emitted from sludge are variable and complex, affecting by many different factors including the physical-chemical properties of sludge and the surrounding conditions. However, due to the lake of knowledge in the generation mechanism of odorants and the principle of odor formation, the performance of sludge odor control is often unsatisfactory. Thus, based on summarizing the general production sources of odorous substances in sludge, the pollution characteristics and generation mechanism of sludge odor upon different processing methods were expounded. The principles and development of various odor control measures were then reviewed from the perspectives of source emission reduction, process control, end-of-pipe treatment and discharge management to show the complexity and challenges in the sludge odor pollution prevention.