劳动节约型技术进步下的就业转移

在人均GDP可比水平下,我国农业就业份额远高于同一发展阶段的日本、韩国、台湾省,年均农业就业份额下降速度及人均GDP每增长1 000 GK$农业就业份额下降速度均落后于日本、韩国和台湾省。这表明我国农业就业非农化转移相当缓慢,大大滞后于经济发展。延续发展经济学假设,结合新古典理论分析,表明影响农业就业转移的因素包括:资本增长率、创新强度、技术进步的劳动节约偏向和边际劳动产出递减的倾向。利用我国非农产业数据进行实证检验,表明技术进步的劳动节约偏向是就业转移滞后的深层次原因。

Employment Transfer under the Labor Saving Biased Technological Progress

In Comparable per capita GDP level,the employment share of agriculture in China is far higher than in Japan,South Korea,Taiwan,which were at the same development stage.Either by every increasing 1 000 GK$ about per capita GDP or per year,the average decreasing speed about the employment share of agriculture in China is less than in Japan,South Korea and Taiwan.It shows that the Chinese agricultural employment transfer is quite sluggish and lags behind economic development.Under the development economy assumption and the neo-classical theory,such factors affect agriculture employment transfer that capital growth,innovation strength,biased technological progress and diminishing marginal output tendency of labor.Using the non-agricultural industries data,the empirical test indicates that the labor saving biased technological progress hinders the employment transfer in China.