可持续发展理论的内涵认知——纪念联合国里约环发大会20周年

2012年是巴西里约联合国环境与发展大会20周年,回顾20年来世界各国发展所走过的路程,总结可持续发展战略的成功与不足,是制定未来世界健康发展路线图的历史要求。人们对可持续发展理论的内涵认知,经过了从生存到发展,再从发展到可持续发展的漫长过程。可持续发展被视作是一个自然—社会—经济复杂系统中的行为矢量,该矢量将导致国家或地区的发展朝向日趋合理、更为和谐的方向进化。可持续发展特别强调"整体的"、"内生的"和"综合的"内涵认知。可持续发展理论的"外部响应",是处理好"人与自然"之间的关系,这是可持续能力的"硬支撑";可持续发展战略的"内部响应",是处理好"人与人"之间的关系,这是可持续能力的"软支撑"。只有"当人类向自然的索取能够被人类向自然的回馈相平衡",只有"当人类对于当代的努力能够同对后代的贡献相平衡",只有"当人类为本区域发展的思考能够同时考虑到其它区域乃至全球利益时",可持续发展的实现才具备了坚实的基础。可持续发展揭示了"发展、协调、持续"的系统本质;可持续发展反映了"动力、质量、公平"的有机统一;可持续发展创建了"和谐、稳定、安全"的人文环境;可持续发展体现了"速度、数量、质量"的绿色运行。中国在未来不到10年的时间内,要全面实现小康社会的战略目标,达到经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加发达、文化更加繁荣、生态更加良好、社会更加进步、精神更加富足,全民的生活质量更加提升,这就必然要求实现全面发展、协调发展、可持续发展,充分体现以人为本,促进人的自身完善,努力走出一条生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。论文提出了中国可持续发展战略的七大主题:始终保持经济的理性增长;全力提高经济增长的质量;满足"以人为本"的基本生存需求;调控人口的数量增长、提高人口素质;维持、扩大和保护自然的资源基础与生态容量;集中关注科技进步对于发展瓶颈的突破;始终调控环境与发展的平衡。

The Theoretical Connotation of Sustainable Development:The 20th Anniversary of UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2012 is the twentieth anniversary of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.Reviewing the progress of the last twenty years,the paper summarizes the achievements and shortcomings of sustainable development strategies and puts forward clear route map for the future world healthy development.The people’s connotation recognition to sustainable development theory transfers from survival to development,from development to sustainable development.Development is a behavior trace in a complex system of nature-society-economy,and this vector will promote the complex system evolving in a more reasonable and harmonious direction.The sustainable development emphasizes the connotation of "integrity","endogenous" and "comprehensive".The external response of sustainable development strategy is to deal with the relations of man and nature,and is how to firm support to sustainable capability.The internal response of sustainable development strategy is the soft support of sustainable development capability.When the human’s demand to nature is balanced with the human’s return to nature,human’s efforts to this generation is balanced with human’s efforts to the next generations,and human’s consideration are both on the development of this region and on the development of the other regions or on the global development,the basic connotation of sustainable development will be more enriched.Sustainable development reveals the systematic essence of "development,coordination and sustainability".Development focuses on dynamic characteristics of productivity improvement and social achievement.Coordination focuses on internal efficiency and quality connotation.Sustainability judges the long-time reasonability of development progress.Three characteristics embodied in the theoretical system of sustainable development are quantity dimension,quality dimension and time-space dimension,which are the completion of pursuing development.Sustainable development reflects the organic unity of "power,quality and equity".The power of development is the ability of development,the potential of development,the speed of development and its sustainability of a nation or a region.The quality of development is the degree of closeness between the standard of rationality and the harmonious degree of man and nature,the resource saving and friendly environment.The equity of development is the income distribution system,common wealth degree,human development index(HDI),and the degree to overcome the differences between the rich and the poor,between the urban and the rural area.Sustainable development establishes the human environment of "harmony,stability and safety" and reflects the green operation of "speed,quantity and quality.In less than ten years in the future,in order to realize the target of being a well-off of society and having developed economy,sound democratic system,advanced science and education,flourished culture,better ecology,advanced society,healthy spirit,and good living quality,Chinese governments should develop from comprehensive,coordinated and sustainable perspectives,take the human as the emphasis,promote the self-perfection of human,and take the civilized developing road of developed production,abundant living,and good ecology.The following seven themes of sustainable development are keeping the rational growth of economy,improving the quality of economic growth,satisfying the basic requirements of the man-orientated,adjusting quantity growth of population,improving the quality of population,maintaining,extending and protecting the natural resource foundation of nature,solving the bottleneck of developing by science and technology,and balance the environment and development.