城市危险化学品事故应急救援预案的研究

通过分析城市危险化学品的基本情况和典型事故引发的严重后果,借鉴、总结城市危险化学品应急救援演练和事故现场应急救援的实践经验,参考城市危险化学品潜在危险性评估的结果,笔者提出危险化学品事故的类别及其3种紧急情况的应对方法;阐述了制定危险化学品事故应急救援预案的目的、依据、指导思想和原则;指出城市危险化学品事故应急救援预案应包括的主要内容和构成要素,即应急救援的策划、应急响应机制、应急救援的机构与职责、任务与形式、应急响应程序、预案管理与评审改进等;提供了制定城市危险化学品事故应急救援预案的方法。

Study of Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents due to Dangerous Chemicals in Urban Area

Based on the analysis of the basic information of dangerous chemicals and the grave consequence of accidents due to dangerous chemicals in urban area, referring to emergency rescue drills and practice experience of rescue operation in chemical accidents, and the results of their potential risk assessments, accidents due to dangerous chemicals are categorized and three emergency countermeasures are proposed. The objectives, criteria, guideline and principle for establishing emergency response plan of accidents due to dangerous chemicals in urban area are expounded. The main content and elements of emergency rescue plan including scheme, mechanism of emergency response, rescue teams and their obligations, tasks and forms, procedures of emergency response, plan management, review and improvement, etc are pointed out. All the factors mentioned above provided the method for establishing an emergency rescue plan.