Trends in accidents,disasters and risk sources in Europe |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Department of Public Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba''i University (ATU), Tehran, Iran;3. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran;4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran;5. Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa;6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;7. Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Students Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran;8. Students Research Committee, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;1. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;3. Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa;2. Edith Cowan University, Australia;1. Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, 62 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea;2. Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, USA;1. Comprehensive Medical Center, Royal Oak, Michigan;2. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;3. Cedar Associates LLC, Menlo Park, California;4. Urology of Virginia, Nassawadox, Virginia;5. Strand Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana |
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| Abstract: | Most of the adverse impacts on man and/or the environment result from routine human activities such as the process industry, electricity generation and use, transport and agriculture (hazards, i.e. sources of risk). Apart from such essentially technological hazards, possibly resulting in “accidents”, human health and the environment can also be affected by natural hazards, possibly resulting in “disasters”, such as earthquakes or floods. This paper examines current trends in the risk sources and occurrences of four classes of such types of undesired events, entailing largely involuntary risk (e.g. neither car-driving nor smoking):- ?major accidents at fixed installations in the process industry,
- ?incidents/accidents at nuclear installations,
- ?marine transport and offshore installation accidents,
- ?disasters caused by natural hazards and their potential exacerbation by human activities.
It aims to provide an integrated overview of such events in Europe (≡ 15 EU Member States, 4 EFTA, 13 PHARE, 7 TACIS and 5 other South and South Eastern European countries) during the last decade, estimating and interpreting trends in the number of risk sources and accidental events. For each type of event, specific “accident” definitions are given, illustrating the differences in the perception of the respective risk. |
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