不同有机物料对有机磷农药污染土壤酶活性及土壤微生物量的影响

农药污染严重影响了土壤的生态和食品的安全，为了解有机物料对农药污染土壤修复的影响，本文采用室内恒温恒湿培养的方法，研究了在有机磷农药污染的土壤中加入葡萄糖、堆肥、秸秆3种不同的有机物料对土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响，结果表明：有机磷农药对土壤微生物生物量碳和土壤的呼吸强度都有一定的影响，具体表现为前期（0～3 d）抑制，中期（3～40 d）为促进作用，后期（40 d以后）恢复稳定。加入有机物料后，显著提高了土壤的微生物生物量碳和土壤的呼吸强度，其中葡萄糖、堆肥、秸秆处理分别在第9、30、40天时的土壤的微生物生物量碳最高，在第9、30、50天时土壤的呼吸强度最高。有机磷农药对土壤过氧化氢酶和土壤脲酶影响表现为先抑制后激活，然后恢复的变化趋势。加入不同有机物料后，堆肥和秸秆对土壤过氧化氢酶和土壤脲酶都有促进作用，显著提高了其活性。堆肥处理的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性分别在0～20 d，20 d为最高，秸秆处理的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性都在40～50 d为最高。培养结束时（70 d），秸秆、堆肥处理的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性要高于葡萄糖、空白处理。葡萄糖处理在前期（0～40 d）对过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性有一定的影响，到后期（40～70 d）同空白之间差异不大。研究结果表明有机物料的加入可以提高土壤微生物量和土壤的呼吸强度，提高土壤酶的活性，对于农药污染土壤的修复具有积极的作用。

Effect of Organic Materials on Soil Microbial Biomass and Soil Enzyme in the Soils Contaminated by Organophosphorus Pesticides

Pesticide pollution seriously endangers soil ecology and food security. In order to understand the effect of organic materials on the remediation of soils contaminated with pesticides, in this paper, in condition of indoor constant temperature and humidity, soil biomass and soil enzyme were studied in organophosphorus pesticides contaminated soil by application glucose, compost and straw.The result showed that the effects of parathion pesticide on soil biomass carbon and respiration intensity were suppression in earlier period（0～3 d）, promotion in medium（3～40 d） and stability in the later stage（after 40 d）. After application organic materials, soil biomass carbon and respiration intensity significantly increased. In which, soil biomass carbon of glucose, compost and straw treatments were the highest in 9 d、30 d、40 d respectively and soil respiration intensity were the highest in 9 d、30 d、50 d respectively. The effect of parathion pesticide on soil catalase and urease activity were suppression at first, then activation, but later restore. After adding organic materials, compost and straw significantly improved the activity of soil catalase and urease. The activity of soil catalase and urease were the highest in 0～20 d and 20 d respectively in compost treatment. And they were the highest both in 40～50 d in straw treatment. At the end of culture （70 d）, the activity of soil catalase and urease in compost treatment and straw treatments were higher than that in glucose and CK treatments. Glucose had influence on soil catalase and urease at the earlier stage （0～40 d）, but had no difference from CK at later stage （40～70 d）. The results showed that organic materials not only increased soil microbial biomass and respiration intensity, but also improved soil enzyme activity. It played a positive role in remediation of pesticide contaminated soil.