喀斯特峰丛区复合农林系统优化与植被恢复试验

中国西南岩溶区石漠化严重,呈加剧趋势,危害很大,不但导致生态退化、水土流失、自然灾害频繁,而且影响人类的生存,成为我国最严重的生态环境问题之一。喀斯特峰丛区是治理难度最大的地区之一,选择广西平果县龙何屯峰丛区为示范点,以生态学原理为指导,优化土地利用结构,调整农村产业模式,生物工程、水利工程结合,提倡复合农林经营,选择优良乡土树种,模拟天然植被构建先锋植物群落,针对生境异质性的主导因子,强化岩溶山地造林与封育管理技术,开发特有适生的名特优产品,实行乔灌藤草优化配置、生态防护林体系与特色农林产品基地建设结合,经过3年的示范试验,植被覆盖率由10%提高到37%,农民人均收入增长20%。

Experiment on Vegetation Rehabilitation and Optimization of Agro-forestry System in Karst Fengcong Depression (Peak Cluster) Area in Western Guangxi, China

There are about more than 54×10⁴km² of exposed karst areas in Southwest China where the serious karst rocky desertification is not only a geoecological disaster but also a main factor constricting the social and economic development of Southwest China.The karst fengcong depression area is the most difficulty one to control the rocky desertification and tackle the environmental problems.Longhe karst fengcong depression was selected to demonstrate rehabi- litation and restoration.Following the principles of ecology relating to rehabilitation of forest vegetation,the measures of structural adjustment of rural enterprises,optimization of agriculture internal developing proportion,and establishment of various effective models for sustainable agricultural development are the basic ways to remedy and reconstruct the ecosystem of karst area in Southwest China.The ecological restoration is a kind of ecological integrated engineering. According to the types of the barren hills and local weather conditions,the specific procedures are taken such as to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation, to construct pioneer communities,to practise optimized combination of indigenous species of arbor,shrub,grass,and vine,to select excellent local tree species,especially the fast-growth evergreen broad-leaved tree species as main species for woodland reconstruction,to develop special local products to promote economic development and environmental improvement.After 3 years experiment,the vegetation coverage of Longhe karst fengcong area increased by 27%,and the per capita farmer's income by 20%.