生态环境对经济系统贡献的相对价值评估研究

用经济价值度量单位定量评估生态环境对经济社会的贡献,使之便于与普通经济要素比较,从而促进资源和环境利用方式符合可持续发展要求,是通过交叉学科研究生态环境问题的一个基本目标. 然而,目前的评估研究多从微观支付意愿出发直接估算区域乃至国家尺度上的生态系统服务价值总量,省略了利益相关者群体的中间规模层次,因此限制了这些评价对于可持续发展的理论和政策分析的参考意义. 本文从一般意义上探讨了准公共品类型环境产品和服务的潜在供需的构成和对应函数,概述了通过市场模拟估算其价值的环境经济学逻辑,并讨论了不完善模型和数据支持下评价的相对有效性,以及这种相对经济价值评估的理论和实践意义.

Study on the Relative Economic Value of Eco-Environmental Contributions

Monetary valuation of environmental goods and services is one of necessary approaches for the sustainability of environmental and resource management. However, most studies on the economic valuation of regional and national environmental contributions were directly aggregated on the basis of micro analysis while the scale hierarchies of stakeholder collectivities were ignored. Market simulation is indispensable in the procedure of environmental valuation but potential demanders and suppliers were often assumed as individuals. In this paper, general concepts and functions of demand and supply for environmental goods and services were elucidated, hence the environmental economics logistic of public or quasi public environmental good and service valuation was reviewed according to those concepts. Data and model constraints have restricted the validity of valuation case studies because of analysis of potential market bargainers' behaviors are usually partial and static. However, those imperfect studies can help decision makers take policy choices and necessary for further research.