矿区浅层地下水污染机理探讨

通过对煤矿建设项目和发展规划项目做的环境影响评价和对重点煤矿的现场调查,揭示了矿区浅层地下水污染的内在形成机理:开采引起地表沉陷是主导因素;地下水位埋深浅,潜水含水层下伏的隔水层稳定,只变形而不破裂是客观条件;地下水变成地表水,从而改变水的存在形式,致使水体极易遭受强烈的污染则是根本原因。针对地下水的保护问题,提出具体的对策和办法:加强矿区的环境管理、及时回填采煤沉陷坑,加强对浅层地下水的利用和人工降低地下水位等措施。上述措施如与煤矿建设项目同时实施,则煤矿区的地下水安全、环境保护都会实现。

Probe into the Pollution Mechanism of Shallow Mining Underground Water

Through the environmental impact evaluation for coalmine construction projects and the survey of key coalmines, the inherent pollution mechanism of shallow mining underground water is revealed. It shows that the subsidence of ground caused by mining is the key factor; the depth of underground water and the stability of water-separating layer is the objective conditions ; that the underground water becomes ground water is the fundamental cause, which changes the existing form of water and causes water prone to pollution. Aiming at the problems of underground water protection, concrete measures are put forth, such as strengthening the environment management of mine region, timely refilling settlement crater, taking good use of shallow underground water and lowering the level of underground water by man. If the above measures are taken simultaneously with the coalmine construction project, the safety of underground water and environment protection in coalmine region will be achieved.