Mechanically-biologically treated municipal solid waste as a support medium for microbial methane oxidation to mitigate landfill greenhouse emissions |
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| Authors: | Einola Juha-Kalle M Karhu A Elina Rintala Jukka A |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Stuttgart, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, Bandtaele 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;2. Lohmeyer Consulting Engineers, An der Roßweid 3, 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany;1. Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;1. Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;2. Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Palacký University and Institute of Physics of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 17. listopadu 50a, 772 07 Olomouc, Czech Republic;1. Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland;2. Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;1. Department of Physics and Institute of Optics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;2. Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China |
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| Abstract: | The residual fraction of mechanically-biologically treated municipal solid waste (MBT residual) was studied in the laboratory to evaluate its suitability and environmental compatibility as a support medium in methane (CH(4)) oxidative biocovers for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills. Two MBT residuals with 5 and 12 months total (aerobic) biological stabilisation times were used in the study. MBT residual appeared to be a favourable medium for CH(4) oxidation as indicated by its area-based CH(4) oxidation rates (12.2-82.3 g CH(4) m(-2) d(-1) at 2-25 degrees C; determined in CH(4)-sparged columns). The CH(4) oxidation potential (determined in batch assays) of the MBT residuals increased during the 124 d column experiment, from <1.6 to a maximum of 104 microg CH(4) g(dw)(-1) h(-1) (dw=dry weight) at 5 degrees C and 578 microg CH(4) g(dw)(-1) h(-1) at 23 degrees C. Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) production in MBT residual (<15 microg N(2)O kg(dw)(-1) d(-1) in the CH(4) oxidative columns) was at the lower end of the range of N(2)O emissions reported for landfills and non-landfill soils, and insignificant as a greenhouse gas source. Also, anaerobic gas production (25.6 l kg(dw)(-1) during 217 d) in batch assays was low, indicating biological stability of the MBT residual. The electrical conductivities (140-250 mS m(-1)), as well as the concentrations of zinc (3.0 mg l(-1)), copper (0.5 mg l(-1)), arsenic (0.3 mg l(-1)), nickel (0.1 mg l(-1)) and lead (0.1 mg l(-1)) in MBT residual eluates from a leaching test (EN-12457-4) with a liquid/solid (L/S) ratio of 10:1, suggest a potential for leachate pollutant emissions which should be considered in plans to utilise MBT residual. In conclusion, the laboratory experiments suggest that MBT residual can be utilised as a support medium for CH(4) oxidation, even at low temperatures, to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from landfills. |
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