基于村域的乡村多功能类型划分及评价研究——以江苏省金坛市为例

随着城镇化的快速推进,我国经济社会发展进入转型期,乡村地域向多元方向发展和演变。近年来,乡村多功能发展成为地理学研究的重要课题,成为指导乡村转型发展的新理论和新范式。在系统梳理乡村多功能发展概念及其内涵基础上,探索村域尺度下我国乡村地域多功能的类型划分及其评价方法,并开展了江苏省金坛市乡村地域生态功能、农业功能、工业功能、生活功能及其综合功能的分级评价与空间分异研究,进而识别出全市分村域的地域主导功能类型。结果表明:生态功能高值区主要分布在环长荡湖、直溪镇和薛埠镇等水网密集、林地资源丰富的地区;农业功能高值区主要分布在金坛市中部和南部等河网平原地区;工业功能高值区主要集中在中心城区周边和尧塘镇等城市集聚发展区域;生活功能高值区主要集中在中心城区周边等地;乡村地域多功能指数呈现出以城区为中心、向外围逐渐递减的空间分异特征;全市乡村地域主导功能可划分为6种类型,并揭示其空间分布特征、分别总结其所对应的乡村发展策略。研究结果可为明确乡村功能定位、优化主体功能区划、完善乡村管理政策以及促进乡村可持续发展提供科学依据。

TYPES DIVISION OF RURAL MULTIFUNCTIONS AND THEIR EVALUATION ON VILLAGE SCALE: A CASE OF JINTAN CITY,JIANGSU PROVINCE

As the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization,China has been on the key phase of economic and social transformation and reconstruction between urban and rural areas,certainly bringing opportunities as well as shocks and challenges to rural areas.Recent multifunctional rural transition has been one of the most important theories to evaluate rural development,and has also been a hot research direction of rural geography in China.First,this paper systematically sorted out the viewpoints of the research connotations of multifunctional rural transition at home and abroad in the past 20 years,and then explored how to divide types of rural territorial multi-functions on village scale in China,and further constructed a multi-functionality evaluation index system and index analysis model.Second,using the well-developed Jintan city located in the south of Jiangsu province as a case,this paper evaluated and graded the territorial functions of ecology,agriculture,industry,living and comprehensive function.Last,the spatial differentiation characters of rural multifunctions have been revealed and the dominated functions of each spatial unit have been identified in Jintan city.Several conclusions were as follow:(1) Ecology-oriented functional areas were mainly distributed in the areas around the Changdang Lake,Zhixi town and western Xuebu town,where the densities of rivers and forests were relatively high;(2)The agriculture function indexes were high in the plain river network region located in both the middle and south of Jintan city;(3) Industry-oriented functional areas were mainly distributed in the Yaotang town and the surroundings of the central urban area,and all those belong to the industrial cluster districts according to the urban planning of Jintan;(4) Living function indexes were high in the surroundings of the city's build-up areas and whose spatial distribution characters were similar to that of rural industry functions;5) The rural multifunction indexes were gradually weakened from city's core areas to the edges,and there had been a significant correlation between rural multi-functional development and urban-rural relationship;6) According to the evaluation indexes mentioned above,six functional types had been identified in the 96 regional units,and they were comprehensive development type,ecology-dominated type,agriculture-dominated type,industry-dominated type,living-dominated type and balanced development type,and each one had significant characteristics of spatial concentration within the city of Jintan,and then several development strategies corresponding to those types had been proposed.In conclusion,this paper provided a scientific reference for identifying rural development orientation,accomplishing main-functional zone division,improving policy measures of rural management,and promoting rural sustainable development;meanwhile,it was a meaningful supplement for the quantitative research of rural multifunctional development on village scale in China.