山区农村居民点空间分布特征与空间重构研究

梵净山地区地属喀斯特山区,其核心区为国家级自然保护区,村庄规划布局的制约因素较多。为实现农村居民点的空间优化,综合评价了农村居民点的空间位置、自然资源和区位条件对农村居民点分布的影响,利用主成分分析法综合各影响指标,求出农村居民点规模值,在此基础上通过基于断裂点的加权Voronoi图分割其作用范围,结合"居住场势"分类,找出需要搬迁的农村居民点。结果表明:1研究区共有农村居民点23 046个,面积14 342.78 hm~2,居民点多沿道路支线和河流分布于山间河谷地带,布局散乱。2区域内有零星居民点7 871个,面积为2 641.75 hm~2,占18.42%;需保留居民点10 288个,面积为5 680.46 hm~2,占39.6%;中心居民点4 887个,面积为6 020.57 hm~2,占41.98%。3空间布局优化后的农村居民点共15 175个,总面积不变,主要应将西部和梵净山保护区内的零散聚落向东部水源充沛、交通发达的集镇地区搬迁。研究成果可为梵净山地区新农村规划的科学编制提供理论参考。

RESEARCH ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND SPACE RECONSTRUCTION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS

Being characterized by special geographical location,and with National Nature Reserve as its core area is,there are many restricting factors of village planning and distributing for Mount Fanjing Region.This paper first evaluates the spatial pattern of rural settlements,and appraises natural resources and location advantages synchronously.Principal Component Analysis was used to calculate the scale of rural settlements based on influence indexes.Because of this,we take advantage of weighted Voronoi image to segment the sphere of settlements' influences,and combining classification with the "residential field potential",to explore the relocation of settlements,with an aim to optimize rural settlements.The results showed that,the study area has a total of 23 046 rural residents and an area of 14 342.78 hm2,with 7 753 settlements and an area of 5 395.34 hm2 (37.62％ of the total) in Yinjiang County,11 199 settlements and 6 724.16 hm2 (46.88％ of the total) in Songtao County,4 094 settlements and 2 223.28 hm2 (15.50％ of the total) in Jiangkou County,The scattered rural settlements are 7 871,with 2 641.75 hm2 (18.42％ of the total);the reserved settlements are 10 288,with 5 680.46 hm2 (39.6％);the central settlements are 4 887,with 6 020.57 hm2 (41.98％).An optimization of spatial distribution produces a total 15 175 rural settlements,with a total area as the same with initialization,including 3 639 settlements in Yinjiang County (5 375.09 hm2 accounting for 37.48％),8 542 settlements in Songtao County (6 536.86 hm2 accounting for 45.58％),and 2 994 settlements Jiangkou County (2 431.83 hm2 accounting for 16.96％).The spatial distribution after space reconstruction is expected to be more reasonable.