京津冀地区畜禽养殖业抗生素污染现状分析

为了解京津冀地区畜禽养殖业的抗生素污染情况,对京津冀地区畜禽养殖粪便产生量和抗生素使用量进行估算,结果表明:京津冀地区畜禽养殖粪便产生量在空间上呈西北低、东南高的趋势,这主要由地理原因与地区发展规划造成的;京津冀地区畜禽养殖抗生素使用总量为四环素类>大环内酯类>双萜烯类>磺胺类>β-内酰胺类>氨基糖苷类>氟喹诺酮类,其中四环素类用量远高于其他几类抗生素。通过文献调研分析了京津冀地区畜禽养殖粪便及农田土壤中抗生素的暴露水平,发现畜禽粪便及废水中抗生素的检出率及检出浓度均较高,特别是四环素类检出浓度明显高于磺胺类和β-内酰胺类。在京津冀地区使用畜禽粪肥的农田土壤中已检出抗生素,并且浓度明显高于其他未施用畜禽粪肥的农田。鉴于京津冀地区的抗生素污染状况,建议通过控制抗生素使用,推广堆肥技术提高抗生素的去除率;通过优化京津冀地区畜禽养殖场规划布局等措施,实现畜禽养殖行业抗生素污染的有效控制。

Antibiotics pollution of livestock and poultry breeding in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

To explore veterinary antibiotics pollution, the amounts of produced manure and used antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region were estimated. It was illustrated that the manure production amount of livestock and poultry in BTH region was lower in northwest and higher in southeast, which was mainly caused by geographic reason and regional development planning. The antibiotic amounts used in livestock and poultry breeding for BTH region were ranked as: tetracyclines>macrolides>diterpenoids>sulfonamides>β-lactams>aminoglycosides>fluoroquinolones, in which tetracyclines usage amount is much higher than other classes. In addition, the residue levels of antibiotics in manure and farmland in BTH region were summarized through literature reviews. It was found that detection frequency and detection concentration of antibiotics in manure and wastewater were very high, especially for tetracyclines, the concentrations of which were much higher than those of sulfonamides or β-lactams. Many antibiotics have been detected in farmland with manure application in BTH region, and the concentrations were significantly higher than those in the farmland without manure application. Finally, considering the antibiotics pollution of livestock and poultry breeding in BTH region, some advices were proposed, including decreasing antibiotics usage amount, developing compost treatment of manure for antibiotics removal, and promoting layout optimization of livestock and poultry breeding in BTH region.