国内外环境优先污染物筛选排序方法比较

综述了美国、欧盟、荷兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、英国、挪威、瑞典、日本、韩国等国家(国际组织),以及国内不同地区、流域的优先污染物名单的制定情况,介绍了国内外优先污染物筛选的原则和技术方法,并分析了国内外优先污染物筛选排序方法的优缺点。通过对国内外主要筛选排序方法的比较发现,我国环境优先污染物筛选排序过程中主要存在环境介质单一、主观影响较大、缺少本土化模型参数、常规监测项目不完善、缺少污染物动态变化的连续性监测等问题。提出了加强基础数据搜集,充分考虑不同环境介质,开发建立本土化技术方法及模型参数,对污染物进行名单动态更新等针对性建议。

Comparison on screening and sorting methods of environmental priority pollutants at home and abroad

The formulation of the list of priority pollutants at home and abroad was systematically introduced, including foreign countries and international organizations, such as United States, European Union, Netherlands, Canada, Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Japan, South Korea and others, and different areas/basins of China. The screening principle and technical methods were analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the screening and sorting methods were analyzed. Through the comparison of the main screening and sorting methods at home and abroad, it was found that there were some problems in the screening and sorting of environmental priority pollutants in China, such as single environmental medium, large subjective influence, lack of local models and parameters, imperfect routine monitoring items, and lack of continuous monitoring of dynamic changes of the pollutants. According to these problems, some pertinent suggestions were given, including strengthening the collection of basic data, fully considering different environmental media, establishing and developing local technical methods and model parameters, and updating the list of pollutants dynamically.