长江流域水电站施工区生活垃圾特性及处理处置决策模型研究

随着中国长江流域水电开发进入高峰期,大量的建设人员进入水电站施工营地,导致施工区的生活垃圾处理处置问题日益凸显。通过对金沙江HPS1水电站、雅砻江HPS2水电站和HPS3水电站、大渡河HPS4水电站施工区生活垃圾状况的调查表明,水电站施工生活区生活垃圾人均产量平均值约为0.68kg/d;以厨余、渣土、纸类塑料和橡胶为主,电池等危险废物含量甚微;容重、低位热值、生物可降解物质量分数的平均值分别为358kg/m3、5 234kJ/kg、43.22%。结合施工区所处的环境条件和周围的市政设施现状,采用层次分析法和最小成本法,构建了长江流域水电站施工区生活垃圾处理处置决策模型,可为大型水电站开发过程中施工区生活垃圾全过程管理提供指导。根据决策模型计算得出,HPS1、HPS2、HPS4水电站施工区生活垃圾最优处理处置技术为卫生填埋,HPS3水电站以外运综合处理最优。

Study on the characteristics of MSW in work zone of hydropower station in Yangtze basin and the decision-making model of MSW disposal

As the hydropower exploitation along the Yangtze basin being in fastigium,thousands of workers work and live in the construction encampment.This gradually leads to serious municipal solid waste(MSW) pollution.In order to have an effective management of MSW,the MSW characteristics were fully investigated in HPS1 hydropower station on Jinsha River,HPS2 and HPS3 hydropower station on Yanong River and HPS4 hydropower station on Dadu River.The results indicated that the average production of MSW was 0.68 kg/d per person.The main MSW components included food waste,soil,papers and plastics,while the hazardous waste was little.The average volume weight,the lower calorific value and the biological degradable material(BDM) were 358 kg/m3,5 234 kJ/kg and 43.22% respectively.According to the current MSW management,municipal facilities and environment in the work zone of hydropower station in Yangtze basin,the decision-making model of MSW treatment and disposal was established base on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and cost-minimization analysis.It would provide a good guide to the MSW integrated management in work zone of big hydropower stations.Based on the calculation results of the model,the optimal treatment technique for HPS1,HPS2 and HPS4 hydropower station was sanitary landfill,while the outward transport was the best method for HPS3 hydropower station.