道路交通噪声预测的研究进展

为评价道路交通噪声影响情况,以美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA)噪声预测模型为主,各国相继开发了基于当地实际情况的道路交通噪声预测模型,中国也以导则和规范等形式相继发布了各种交通噪声预测模型。中国进行噪声环境影响评价中,用得较多的主要有《环境影响评价技术导则声环境》(HJ 2.4—2009)、《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》(JTG B03—2006)推荐的噪声预测模型,此外也有部分评价工作采用了德国的Cadna A软件。通过对比分析,HJ 2.4—2009的衰减及修正因素在综合考虑FH-WA噪声预测模型及JTG B03—2006基础上更加全面,而JTG B03—2006和Cadna A软件在源强和车速确定方面则均较成熟。有必要根据区域道路特点,选择适合特征区域的道路交通噪声预测模型,并结合实际情况对模型参数进行合理修正,最终形成一些可供区域参考的统一的模型修正参数,积极推动中国的声环境评价工作的发展。

Research process of the traffic noise prediction

In order to evaluate the road traffic noise impact,many countries have developed their road traffic noise prediction models based on the FHWA noise prediction models of America and their local conditions.China has also issued many traffic noise prediction models in the form of guidelines and specifications.In the environmental impact assessment of traffic noise,we mainly used the guideline of environmental impact assessment technical acoustic environment(HJ 2.4-2009) and highway construction projects environmental impact assessment(JTG B03-2006).We also used the German software of Cadna A for the part of our evaluation work.It could be found that,the HJ 2.4-2009 model of was a complete model due to the reasonable consideration in distance reduction and coefficient amendment,while the JTG B03-2006 and Cadna A models are more mature due to practical determination of the noise source and vehicle speed.It will be necessary to perform some reasonable amendments for the parameters of some feasible road traffic noise prediction models according to the road characteristics and other actual situations,and to provide the data support for forecasting accurately the regional road traffic noise pollution level.