贵州贫困农村室内PM10污染水平及影响因素分析

为调查贵州贫困农村室内空气污染水平,对织金和六枝农户室内可吸入颗粒物(PM10)进行了系统采样,分析了PM10污染水平,探讨了其影响因素。结果表明:采暖期PM10的平均值为640.5μg/m3,最高质量浓度达到7 739.9μg/m3;非采暖期PM10的平均值为459.9μg/m3,最高质量浓度达到3 515.1μg/m3,与《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T 18883—2002)相比,研究区PM10的超标率为71%～92%,超标倍数最高达50.60倍。经调查可知,贵州贫困农村室内PM10污染水平与燃料类型、炉灶类型、室内通风情况等密切相关,以拌泥煤、纯煤、蜂窝煤和简易敞口灶为主,且室内通风较差。

Analysis on pollution levels and its influence factors of indoor PM10 collected in poor rural in Guizhou

In order to investigate the indoor air pollution levels in poor rural in Guizhou province,the indoor PM10 samples were systematically collected in Zhijin and Liuzhi.The pollution levels of PM10 were analyzed and the influencing factors were discussed.The results showed that the average concentration of PM10 collected in heating period was 640.5 μg/m3,with the highest concentration reaching 7 739.9 μg/m3,and that of the non-heating period was 459.9 and 3 515.1 μg/m3 respectively.Compared with the national indoor air quality standard,PM10 collected in two sites exceeding the standard by 71%-92%,and the maximum exceeding time was 50.60.PM10 pollution was closely correlated with fuel types and quality,stove types(having a chimney or not) and indoor ventilation conditions.In research area,the main fuel types were coal with clay binder,pure coal and bee-nest coal,and the mostly used stove were easily-made stove and bee-nest coal stove without a chimney,the indoor ventilation conditions were also very poor,these all caused the heavy indoor PM10 pollution in poor rural in Guizhou.