基于科学管控的海洋资源环境承载能力评价方法优化研究

建立资源环境承载能力监测预警机制，对超载地区实施管控措施，是破解和有效控制资源环境超载问题的重要抓手，更是国家主体功能区战略的重要基础工作和中央全面深化改革的重大任务。基于浙江省资源环境承载能力监测预警试评价工作，我们发现国家"试行方法"海洋资源环境承载能力评价中，存在评价单元规模差异较大、部分指标区域性流动性特质明显、部分领域超载原因难界定、资源开发效益量化较困难等问题，影响科学评价和精准、高效、公平地落实管控限制措施。因此，本文从建立健全科学的管控机制角度出发，对海洋资源环境承载能力评价方法提出优化思路建议，包括基础和专项评价指标进行优选、海洋渔业和环境领域评价单元重组划分、过程评价突出客观程度变化、超载等级划分进一步细化、参数和阈值设计兼顾地区差异性5个方面，为"试行方法"的优化完善提供参考。

Optimization of evaluation method of marine resources and environmental carrying capacity based on scientific management and control

Establishing the monitoring and early-warning mechanism of resources and environmental carrying capacity is an important foundation for national major function oriented zoning strategy, and also is a major task of comprehensively deepening reform of central government.Based on test evaluation of Zhejiang province, some problems of marine resources and environmental carrying capacity of the "Trial Method" were found, i.e.the evaluation units have large scale differences, some indicators have obvious regional liquidity characteristics, some fields can't find out overload reasons clearly, resource development benefits is difficult to evaluate, which may affect the scientificalness of the evaluation and the precision, efficiency and fairness of management and control measures.Therefore, the paper proposed optimization suggestions as references for improving the "Trial Method" from the aspects of establishing scientific management and control implementation, including optimizing basic and special evaluation indicators, re-dividing marine fishery and environment evaluation units, highlighting the degree changes of resource utilization and environment damage in process evaluation, refining overload classification, considering regional differences in parameters and thresholds designing.