溶出伏安法测定海水中铜、铅、锌、镉存在形态的研究进展

海水中痕量金属的存在形态决定其生物毒性及可利用性，直接影响其迁移及归宿，因此备受关注。然而海水基体复杂、痕量金属浓度极低、采样和分析过程易引入污染，所以针对海水中痕量金属及其存在形态的研究对采样以及测试分析技术要求较高。在众多的形态分析方法中，溶出伏安法将有效的富集手段和先进的测量技术结合在一起，具有灵敏度高、选择性好等优点，目前被广泛使用。国际上，针对痕量金属存在形态分析的溶出伏安法一直在不断更新发展，但目前我国在该领域的研究，无论在近岸还是大洋，还较为匮乏。本文将介绍目前国际上应用溶出伏安法测定海水中几种痕量金属(Cu，Pb，Zn，Cd)存在形态及其最新研究进展，以推动我国海洋科学界在该领域的认识和发展。

Research progress on determination of the speciation of dissolved Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd in seawater by stripping voltammetry

The chemical speciation of trace metals in seawater controls their biogeochemical cycling process and their transport and fate in marine environment, and it is closely related with metals' toxicity and bioavailability. Thus, the study of chemical speciation of trace metals draws intensive attention. However, the matrix of seawater is very complex, and the trace metal concentrations are extremely low. The sampling and analytical processes can easily introduce contamination if not careful handled. Thus, the skill required for trace metal speciation studies in seawater is quite high. Good selectivity and extremely low detection limits have made stripping voltammetry (SV) a widely used technique for trace metal speciation in seawater. Internationally, the SV method for speciation analysis in seawater has been modified and updated; while in China, not only in Open Ocean, but also in coastal areas, the studies on trace metal speciation in seawater are scarce. This paper will introduce recent research progresses on speciation studies of several selected metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd), along with the development of analytical methods. We hope it can help promote the understanding and researches of this field in China.