考虑期权采购的应急物资多种供应方式协调优化模型

突发事件的不确定性为灾后应急物资供应带来巨大挑战，而灾前政府难以控制相关应急物资的储备量及成本。实物储备、期权采购和市场化采购3种应急物资供应方式在灾前灾后应急物资保障具备各自的优势和弊端。仅靠单种物资供应方式难以权衡当前应急物资保障对经济性和时效性的要求，因此，需要将3种物资供应方式进行协调优化。对比3种供应方式在成本与效率方面的差异，利用期权采购弥补其他方式在成本和时效方面的不足，将3种物资采购方式协调整合。以政府和供应商双方签订期权契约为前提建立多种采购方式协调优化模型，通过优化算法求解模型。最后通过算例分析验证得出结论。研究结果表明:存在基于期权采购的多种采购方式并存的应急物资保障机制，可使应急物资供应的成本和效率得以权衡。

Coordination and optimization model of multiple supply modes for emergency material considering option procurement

The uncertainty of emergencies brings great challenges to the supply of emergency material after the disaster, and it is difficult for the government to control the reserve amount and cost of relevant emergency material before the disaster. The three supply methods of emergency material, which are entity reserve, option procurement and market procurement, have their own advantages and disadvantages in the guarantee of emergency material before and after the disaster, and it is difficult to weigh the requirements of economy and timeliness by the emergency material guarantee at present only depending on single mode of material supply. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate and optimize the three modes of material supply. The difference among three modes of material supply in terms of cost and efficiency were compared, and three modes of material procurement were coordinated and integrated by using the option procurement to make up for the deficiencies of other modes in terms of cost and timeliness. Based on the option contract signed by the government and the supplier, a coordination and optimization model of multiple procurement modes was established and solved by the optimization algorithm. Finally, the conclusion was obtained by an example analysis and verification. The results showed that there was an emergency material guarantee mechanism of multiple procurement modes coexistence based on the option procurement, which can weigh the cost and efficiency of emergency material supply.