单洞双线铁路隧道火灾人员疏散安全性分析

为了分析单洞双线铁路隧道火灾人员疏散安全性,基于单洞双线铁路隧道结构特点,分析不同火灾场景下人员疏散模式,利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS,建立隧道火灾模型,分别研究火源位于车头和列车中部车厢内时可用安全疏散时间。利用Pathfinder软件,模拟人员折返路线与不同疏散口间距下人员疏散过程,分析必需安全疏散时间及其影响因素。研究结果表明:隧道发生火灾时,人员可用安全疏散时间与火源位置有关,必需安全疏散时间受疏散总人数、疏散口选择、疏散口间距等因素影响很大。在设计隧道疏散系统时,可通过减小疏散口间距和设置明显的疏散设施指示标识,减少人员疏散所用时间。

Analysis on safety of personnel evacuation in fire of single hole double line railway tunnel

In order to analyze the safety of personnel evacuation in the fire of single hole double line railway tunnel, based on the structural characteristics of single hole double line railway tunnel, the modes of personnel evacuation under different fire scenarios were analyzed. A model of tunnel fire was established by using the fire dynamics simulation software FDS, and the available safety evacuation time when the fire source was located at the head compartment and central compartment of train was studied respectively. The Pathfinder software was used to simulate the personnel turn back route and the personnel evacuation process under different distances between evacuation exits, and the required safety evacuation time as well as its influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that the available safety evacuation time during a tunnel fire was related to the location of fire source. The required safety evacuation time was greatly affected by the total number of evacuees, the selection of evacuation exits, and the distance between evacuation exits. When designing the tunnel evacuation system, the time of personnel evacuation can be shortened by reducing the distance between evacuation exits and setting the obvious indication signs of evacuation facilities.