城镇地区生态安全评价及对策——以上海崇明岛为例

从区域生态安全内涵出发,基于可持续发展理论、自然—经济—社会复合生态系统理论和压力(pressure)—状态(state)—响应(response)概念模型,从资源环境负荷、生态环境状态、人类社会响应3方面构建城镇生态安全评价指标体系。选择上海崇明岛处于核心地位且代表着不同城镇化水平(较高、中等、较低)的城桥镇、堡镇、陈家镇为研究对象,通过实地调研、监测、实验分析等方式获取指标数据,应用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,并通过综合指数模型进行安全评价。评价结果表明:3个城镇生态安全综合评价结果为城桥镇(0.773 3)>陈家镇(0.762 8)>堡镇(0.749 0),社会经济的发展对资源环境的负荷较小,生态环境现状水平良好,但人类响应措施滞后;随着城镇化进程的加快,部分生态环境要素可能有恶化趋势,现已进入预警状态。

Town's Ecological Security Evaluation and Countermeasure for Chongming Island in Shanghai

According to the connotation of regional ecological security,and based on the theories of sustainable-development and natural-economic-social complex ecosystem and the frame of pressure-state-response,the index system of town's ecological security was built from three aspects:the burthen of resource and environment,state of ecological environment,and response of the human being. Chengqiao,Baozhen and Chenjiazhen were selected as typical high,middle,low levels of urbanization towns respectively,which were the core in Chongming island of Shanghai.The index data were obtained by the investigation on the spot,and their weight were confirmed by using method of AHP,and security evaluation was taken on them by the index model.The results of comprehensive evaluation on ecological security showed that Chengqiao(0.773?3) > Chenjiazhen(0.762?8) > Baozhen(0.749?0),their social and economic development made less load on resource and environment,the present level of ecological environment was all right,but the basic establishment of towns lagged behind relatively.With the accelerating of urbanization,part of ecological environmental factors tending to be worsened now were warning.