规模化养殖畜禽粪便量估算及环境影响研究

利用规模化养殖的空间信息,结合面积比例法,获取畜禽养殖统计数据.在此基础上,进行了畜禽粪便量和纯养分估算及对土壤环境影响研究,辅以土壤耕层和亚耕层中有效磷含量及变化来阐释畜禽粪便对土壤环境污染的影响.以北京市大兴区为例,对该区规模养殖畜禽粪便量进行估算,评估了其对环境的影响,验证了该方法的准确性、合理性.结果表明,大兴区2005年耕地畜禽粪便磷养分负荷为93.72kg/hm2,其中规模化养殖耕地畜禽粪便磷养分负荷为57.56kg/hm2.耕层及亚耕层的有效磷含量远高于背景值,且变异系数分别为72.66%和79.12%,富集系数(耕层/亚耕层)为2.31,变异系数和富集系数进一步说明了规模化养殖畜禽粪便对土壤环境污染影响程度.

Estimation of the amount of livestock manure and its environmental influence of large-scaled culture based on spatial information

To obtain statistical data on livestock and poultry, the large-scale culture of spatial information and the area ratio method was used. Based on this result, the amount of livestock manure and pure nutrient was estimated, the environment influence of livestock manure to soil was studied, and livestock manure to soil environment pollution was explained by the content and variation of available phosphorus in topsoil and subsoil. Finally, the accuracy and rationality of this method used in Daxing District in Beijing was confirmed. Phosphorus load of farmland was 93.72kg/hm2 in Daxing District in 2005, which 57.56kg/hm2 contributed by large-scale culture. The content of available phosphorus in topsoil and subsoil was higher than background value, the coefficient of variation in available phosphorus in topsoil and subsoil respectively was 72.66%, 79.12%, and the enrichment coefficient was 2.31, which proved the influence degree of livestock manure by large-scaled culture to soil environment pollution.