太湖流域企业的水风险评估体系

基于世界自然基金会（WWF）和德国投资与开发有限公司（DEG）开发的企业水风险评估体系，进行太湖流域企业水风险评估体系本土化研究.根据太湖流域的水环境现状、企业管理方式、相关标准及法规，修订了部分指标，建立了包括物理风险指标9项、监管风险指标4项和声誉风险指标9项的太湖流域企业水风险评估体系.采用层次分析法（AHP）计算指标权重.评估指标的分级延续了原来的评估体系的5级5分制，采用综合指数加权求和法计算综合评分值.选取了一家化工企业进行实例研究，评估结果表明，该企业2015年综合水风险评价值为2.61，风险等级为Ⅲ级，属中等风险.实施7项水风险削减方案后，2016年综合水风险评价值降至1.94，风险等级为Ⅱ级，属低等风险.该评估体系可为太湖流域企业进行水风险评估及削减提供参考.

Enterprise water risk assessment system in Taihu Lake basin

Based on enterprise water risk assessment system developed by WWF and DEG, a localization of enterprise water risk assessment system in Taihu Lake basin was researched. According to the water environment situation, management mode of enterprises, relevant standards and regulations, some indexes were modified and enterprise water risk assessment system in Taihu Lake basin was established, which includes 9 physical risk indexes, 4 regulatory risk indexes and 9 reputation risk indexes. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was employed to calculate the weights of indexes. The indexes were graded by five-grade and five-score scale, which referred to the original assessment system. The weighted comprehensive index summation process was adopted to calculate the comprehensive assessment value. A case study was conducted at a chemical enterprise. The results showed that the comprehensive water risk assessment value of the enterprise was 2.61 in 2015, and its risk grade was Ⅲ, belonging to medium risk. After it implemented seven water risk reduction projects, its comprehensive water risk assessment value was 1.94 in 2016, and its risk grade was Ⅱ, belonging to low risk. The assessment system can provide reference for assessment and reduction of enterprise water risk in Taihu Lake basin.