天津地区典型家用生物质颗粒采暖炉污染物排放分析

为调查研究天津市家用生物质颗粒采暖炉的污染物排放性状，同时为政府的政策制定提供技术依据，研究了天津地区生物质燃料成分和采暖炉不同运行负荷对污染物排放的影响.结果表明：稻杆和棉杆两种成型燃料在同一采暖炉的相同工况下燃烧时，稻杆灰分含量较棉杆高，造成较高的烟尘和CO排放，同时稻杆较棉杆S元素含量低，导致SO₂排放较低.棉杆成型燃料在同一容量的采暖炉上燃烧时，随着燃烧器负荷的增加，CO和SO₂的排放增加，NO_x的排放减少.两种生物质成型燃料在该采暖炉上燃烧排放的挥发性有机物的主要种类均依次为酮类、苯系物、醛类.本工作试验用家用生物质颗粒采暖炉运行过程中NO_x、CO、SO₂、烟尘的平均排放值分别为672.70，2297.94，124.00，109.35mg/m³，存在污染物排放超标的现象，可通过增添水浴除尘设施，合理调节不同燃烧负荷下的风机送风量，维持适宜过量空气系数，以降低污染物排放.同时还需制定合理的标准和政策加强对家用采暖炉和成型燃料质量的监管.

Analysis of pollutant emission of typical domestic biomass pellet heating furnaces in Tianjin

In order to investigate the pollutant emission status of Tianjin's domestic biomass pellet heating furnaces and provide scientific support for the governments'policy formulation,this study investigated the effect of the briquette fuel type and the furnace capacity on the pollutant emissions in Tianjin.The result showed that:rice straw contains more ash residues and less sulfur content than cotton straw,causing more smog and CO emissions,and less SO₂ emission.The emission amounts of CO and SO₂ increased,and that of NO_x decreased with the increasing of the feed rate during the cotton straw combustion in the same furnace.The major components of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission,during the combustion process of these two briquette fuels,were ketones,benzenes,and aldehydes.The average emission values of NO_x,CO,SO₂,smog were 672.70,2297.94,124.00,109.35mg/m³,respectively.It is necessary to reduce the pollution emission of domestic biomass heating furnaces by adding water-bath duster device,adjusting the supply air rate to match the feed rate,and maintaining an appropriately excessive coefficient.Appropriate standards and policies are also needed to control of the quality of the domestic biomass heating furnaces and briquette biomass fuels.