郑州黄河南岸养殖鱼类肌肉中重金属残留特征

以郑州市黄河南岸养殖鱼类为研究对象，分别在巩义、荥阳、惠济和中牟4个渔场内采集鲫鱼、鲤鱼、草鱼和鲢鱼肌肉样品133个，用ICP-MS和LC-AFS方法对Pb、Cr、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg和As的残留进行了测定，在分析了重金属残留水平的基础上，通过目标危害系数法评估了鱼类的食用安全健康风险.结果表明，郑州黄河南岸4种养殖鱼类肌肉中Pb、Cr、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg和As的残留均有检出，但仅有Pb、As和Cd 3种元素存在超标样品，超标率分别为13.53%、12.78%和4.51%.7种重金属元素的变异系数在0.13~0.37之间，属中等变异强度，其中以Hg的变异强度最大.Pb、Cr、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg和As的平均残留水平差异明显，从高到低依次为Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > As > Hg > Cd，均未超过食品中污染物限量标准.不同鱼类的重金属残留水平也存在较大差异，总体来说鲫鱼和草鱼高于鲤鱼和鲢鱼.相关分析结果显示，养殖鱼类肌肉中7种重金属元素的残留具有相似的来源，并可能以饲料、药物等人为来源为主.健康风险评估表明，儿童面临的鱼类重金属膳食摄入健康风险要高于成人，但日常食用郑州市黄河南岸地区养殖鱼类，重金属对当地居民造成的健康风险并不明显.在7种重金属元素中，As、Hg和Cr是主要风险元素，其污染积累特征及有效防控值得进一步研究.

Residue characteristics of heavy metals in cultured fish muscles from the south bank of the Yellow River in Zhengzhou

In order to understand the residue characteristics of heavy metals in cultured fish muscles from the south bank of the Yellow River in Zhengzhou, 133 samples of cultured fish muscles were collected. Residues of Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg and As were respectively measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (LC-AFS) methods. And then the characteristics of heavy metal residues were analyzed, and the risks of food safety hazards in fishes were evaluated by Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) methods. The results showed that Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg and As were detected in all of the 4fish species, but only 3elements of Pb, As and Cd exceeded the standard, with the over standard rates 13.53%, 12.78% and 4.51%. The coefficients of variation of heavy metals were between 0.13 and 0.37 with the moderate variations. The average residues of the heavy metals were significantly different, and the order from high to low was Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > As > Hg > Cd. All of them were not exceed the maximum levels of contaminants in foods. Overall, the residues of heavy metals in Carassius auratus and Ctenopharyngodon idellus were higher than that in Cyprinus carpio and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The results of correlation analysis showed that residues in cultured fish in Zhengzhou section of south coast of the Yellow River had some similar sources, and may be mainly from the fish feed and medicines. THQ methods showed that the dietary risks of heavy metals intake in children were higher than that in adults, and the risks of heavy metals in different groups were not obvious. Among the 7 heavy metals, Hg, Cr and As were the main risk elements. So it seems that the pollution accumulation characteristics and effective controls of Hg, Cr and As should be well worth the further studies.