Towards sustainable settlement growth: A new multi-criteria assessment for implementing environmental targets into strategic urban planning |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Dept. of Urban Planning and Real Estate Management, University of Bonn, Nußallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany;2. Humboldt University of Berlin, Department of Geography, Rudower Chaussee 16, 10099 Berlin, Germany, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;1. Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art & Architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran;2. Executive Director Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;3. Kurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran;1. Research Center for Underground Space & Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China;2. Qingdao Civil Air Defense Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, PR China;3. Qingdao Urban Planning & Design Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China;1. Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA;2. Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands;3. Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern Claifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | For nearly one decade, the German political and research-agenda has been to a large extent determined by the ongoing question of how to limit the expansion of settlement areas around cities in order to preserve natural resources, make settlement growth more sustainable and to strengthen the re-use of existing inner-urban areas (see a.o. Kötter et al. 2009a, 2010; Schetke et al. 2009, 2010b). What is already under discussion within the international literature are the recommendations of the German Council for Sustainability to quantitatively reduce the daily greenfield consumption from the current rate of over 100 ha per day to a rate of 30 ha per day in 2020 and to bring urban infill development up to a ratio of 3:1 with greenfield development (German Council for Sustainability, 2004).). This paper addresses the added value beyond those abstract political targets and presents an innovative, multi-criteria assessment (MCA) of greenfield and infill sites to evaluate their sustainability and resource efficiency. MCA development and its incorporation into a Decision Support System (DSS) were accomplished by utilising a stakeholder-driven approach. The resulting tool can be applied in preparing and revising land-use plans. The paper presents the concept and the development process of the MCA-DSS. Test runs with planners prove that the evaluation of potential housing sites using individually weighted environmental indicators helps to identify those strategies of housing development that accord most closely with sustainability goals. The tests further show that the development of greenfield sites generally exhibits less sustainability than that of infill sites. |
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