中国生活垃圾分类政策制度的发展演变历程

系统考察我国垃圾分类政策的演化过程、阶段特征和取得成效，是合理制定和有效执行垃圾分类政策的重要基础，有助于新时代垃圾分类体系和垃圾分类制度的加快建立和实施。以垃圾分类政策制度的历史演变为主线，将中华人民共和国成立以来的垃圾分类政策历史发展划分为5个阶段:1）基于垃圾回收利用的分类收集启蒙阶段（1957—1991年）；2）生活垃圾分类法律法规制定的初期阶段（1992—1999年）；3）基于垃圾分类实践的分类标准制定阶段（2000—2015年）；4）生活垃圾分类制度筹建阶段（2015—2016年）；5）生活垃圾分类制度的确立和实施阶段（2017年至今）。分析表明，我国初步形成了符合国情且较为完善的垃圾分类政策制度体系，垃圾分类制度的实施，可显著改善生活环境，节约资源，提高社会文明水平，对推动绿色发展、建设美丽中国具有十分重要的意义。

DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF CHINA' S DOMESTIC WASTE CLASSIFICATION POLICY SYSTEM

This paper systematically investigated the evolution process, stage characteristics and achievement of China’s garbage sorting policy, which was an important basis for rational formulation and effective implementation of garbage classification policy and helpful to the establishment and implementation of garbage classification system and garbage classification system in the new era. It systematically analyzed the historical changes and development of garbage sorting policy since the founding of P.R. China. Overall, the development of China’s waste sorting policies experienced five stages: 1)namely the stage of classified collection enlightenment based on garbage recycling (1957—1991); 2)initial stage of enactment of laws and regulations on the classification of domestic waste (1992—1999); 3)classification criteria development stage based on garbage classification practices (2000—2015); 4)preparation stage of municipal solid waste classification system (2015—2016); 5)establishment and implementation of municipal solid waste classification system (since 2017). The results showed that China had basically formed a relatively complete waste sorting policy system in line with its present national conditions. The implementation of the garbage classification system could significantly improve the living environment, save resources and improve the level of social civilization, which was of great significance to promote green development and build a beautiful China.