铅锌矿区土壤中有效态重金属的稳定化研究

为研究铅锌矿区土壤中重金属的稳定化方案，实地采集了四川省攀枝花市米易县某铅锌矿区污染土壤，采用稻壳、秸秆-木材和动物粪便3种不同来源的生物炭对土壤中弱酸提取态Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu和水溶态Zn进行了静态实验，并在此基础上选择动物粪便炭添加到污染土壤中进行了35 d的培育实验。结果表明:动物粪便炭对矿区污染土壤中弱酸提取态Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu稳定化性能最好，去除率分别为13.16%、15.68%、96.33%、65.39%，3种来源生物炭对水溶态Zn去除率均>90%；培育实验中施用30%动物粪便炭的土壤中弱酸提取态Pb降低了97.36%，水溶性Zn也得到了有效降低。因此动物粪便炭的施加可降低矿区污染土壤中重金属的迁移能力，对于铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染的防范与治理提供了参考。

STABILIZATION OF AVAILABLE HEAVY METALS IN LEAD-ZINC MINING SOILS BY BIOCHAR

To study the stabilization of heavy metals in soils of lead-zinc mining area, the contaminated soil of a lead-zinc mining area in Miyi County, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province was collected. First, biochar made from three different sources were used to conduct static experimental research on acid extractable lead, zinc, cadmium, copper and wate-soluble zinc. Then biochar made from animal manure was selected to add into the contaminated soil for 35 d incubation experiments. The results showed that biochar made from animal manure were effective for the stabilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil of lead-zine mining area. The removal rates of lead, zinc, cadmium, copper extracted from weak acid were 13.16%, 15.68%, 96.33% and 65.39%, respectively. The removal rates of soluble Zn stabilized by the three sources of biochar were all gained over 90%. In the incubation experiments, the acid extractable lead in the contaminated soil was decreased by 97.36%, and the wate-soluble zinc was also decreased significantly. Therefore, the application of animal manure biochar could reduce the migration capacity of heavy metals in polluted soils in mining areas, which provided a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of heavy metals pollution in lead-zinc mining areas.