生态滤池中植物对生活污水净化能力的影响及其微生物群落组成

生态滤池处理效果受到许多因素影响，不同植物类型导致生态滤池净化效果有明显差异。为提高生态滤池在贵州省农村适用性，研究了生态滤池中3种本地湿地植物（风车草、美人蕉、菖蒲）在不同配置条件下对生活污水中主要污染物包括COD、NH₃-N、TN、TP的去除效果，通过比较不同植物配置下主要污染物的去除率，筛选出生态滤池技术在贵州省可以达到最佳污水净化效果的植物配置。结果表明:菖蒲冬季耐寒性好，其对COD、NH₃-N及TP的去除效果最佳，去除率分别可达88%、92%以及47%；风车草与菖蒲组合TN去除能力最佳，可达49%。滤池内存在的主要微生物群落组成类似，为Proteobacteria（变形菌门）、Chloroflexi（绿弯菌门）、Acidobacteria（酸杆菌门）为主，硝化细菌群落多样性较低，以氨氧化细菌为主；反硝化细菌种类较多，存在部分好氧反硝化细菌。

THE INFLUENCE OF WETLAND PLANTS ON PURIFICATION ABILITIES OF ECOFILTER ON URBAN SEWAGE AND IT'S MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

The purification abilities of ecofilter are affected by many factors. Different species of wetland plants may cause different purification abilities. For the improvement of applicability of ecofilter in Guizhou, we studied the purification abilities of main contaminants (COD, NH₃-N,TN and TP) in ecofilter with three wetland plants in Guizhou (Canna indica L.,Cyperus alternifolius,Acorus calamus L.). Through a comparison of the removal efficiencies of main contaminants we selected the optimal plants combination that could achieve the best purification ability of ecofilter in Guizhou. The result showed that: The ecofilter planted with Canna indica L. achieved the best purification abilities of COD, NH₃-N and TP, the removal efficiencies were up to 88% and 92% and 47%. The ecofilter planted with Canna indica L. and Cyperus alternifolius achieved the best purification ability of TN with the highest removal efficiency of 49%. The microbial community structures in different ecofilters were very similar. The main components were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The biological diversity of nitrobacteria was low, mainly ammonia oxidizing bacteria. The biological diversity of denitrifying bacteria was high. The aerobiotic denitrifying bacteria was also detected.