典型岩溶土壤微生物丰度与多样性及其对碳循环的指示意义

探讨土壤微生物指标的变化规律,用于揭示其在岩溶土壤碳循环中的指示意义.以桂林岩溶试验场洼地、坡地和垭口这3种岩溶地貌形态下的剖面(0~10、10~20、20~30cm)土壤为研究对象,采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCRDGGE)和荧光定量PCR相结合的方法,分析这个典型岩溶土壤剖面中的微生物多样性和丰度变化.数据显示,16S rRNA最高丰度出现在洼地,为1.32×1011拷贝·g-1,而18S rRNA最高丰度出现在垭口,为1.12×1010拷贝·g-1;洼地和垭口剖面的16S rRNA丰度随着深度的增加而降低,3种岩溶地貌形态的18S rRNA丰度均随着剖面深度的增加而降低,与土壤有机碳质量分数的变化趋势一致.但是,在3种岩溶地貌形态中,3个16S rRNA和6个18S rRNA的多样性指数均随土壤剖面深度的增加而增大.由于16S rRNA和18S rRNA的多样性与丰度和土壤有机碳之间总体上表现出相反的变化趋势,说明微生物丰度指标在土壤碳循环中的指示意义比微生物多样性指数更重要.

Microbial Community Abundance and Diversity in Typical Karst Ecosystem to Indicate Soil Carbon Cycle

The soil microbial characteristics were detected to clarify their indications in organic carbon cycle in karst system. Soil samples from three karst types (saddle, depression and slop) at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm layers were collected in the Yaji Karst Experimental Site, a typical karst ecosystem. The microbial diversity and abundance were assayed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and fluorescence quantitative PCR. The data showed that the highest abundance of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA were in depression with 1.32×10¹¹ copies·g^-1 and in saddle with 1.12×10¹⁰ copies·g^-1, respectively. The abundance of 16S rRNA in saddle and depression decreased from top to bottom, while that of 18S rRNA in three karst forms decreased, which showed that the abundance changed consistently with soil organic carbon (SOC). The 3 diversity indices of 16S rRNA and 6 diversity indices of 18S rRNA increased from top to bottom in soil profiles of three karst forms. These results showed that microbial diversity changed conversely with the abundance and SOC in soil profile. It can be concluded that the abundance was more important than the diversity index for soil carbon cycle in karst system.