中亚热带典型林分不同层次氮硫湿沉降动态变化

基于野外定点监测的方法,于2012年9月~2013年8月对四面山常绿阔叶林大气降水、穿透水、枯透水、土壤渗滤液进行了持续1 a的氮、硫湿沉降动态变化的研究.结果表明:四面山大气降水全年p H平均值为4.89,最大值为5.14,大气降水明显偏酸性;土壤层和林冠层能使降雨的p H值有所升高,其中土壤层对p H值的调升幅度最大,其次为森林冠层;森林冠层对NO-3、NO-2、SO2-4有一定的吸附净化作用,平均截留率分别为56.68%、45.84%、35.51%;研究结果也表明:枯枝落叶的降解是导致各离子质量浓度在枯透水中增加的原因;森林土壤能够吸附中和NO-3、SO2-4、NH+4,释放出NO-2.中亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统对大气降水中NO-3、NO-2、NH+4、SO2-4的总截留率分别为92.86%、57.86%、87.24%、87.25%,对酸性降雨有一定的缓冲作用.

Dynamics of Nitrogen and Sulfur Wet Deposition in Typical Forest Stand at Different Spatial Levels in Simian Mountain, Mid-subtropical Region

In order to investigate the dynamics of nitrogen and sulfur wet deposition in subtropical forest ecosystem, one typical forest stand, evergreen broad-leaved forest, at Simian Mountain located in Chongqing was selected in this research. Based on field monitoring, effects of precipitation, throughfall, litterfall, and groundwater runoff of the typical forest stand on the quality of water of Simian Mountain were investigated from September 2012 to August 2013. Results showed that the rainfall of Simian Mountain was apparently acidic, with average pH of 4.89 and maximum pH of 5.14. The soil, canopies and trunks could increase pH of precipitation, with soils having the maximum increment, followed by the forest canopy. Forest canopy had the function of adsorption and purification of NO₃^-, NO₂^- and SO₄^2-, and the average entrapment rate was 56.68%, 45.84% and 35.51%, respectively. Moreover, the degradation of litter was probably the main reason for the increase of ion concentrations in the surface litter water. Forest soils could absorb and neutralize NO₃^-, SO₄^2- and NH₄⁺, and release NO₂^-. The evergreen broad-leaf forest of mid-subtropical region had the function of interception on NO₃^-, NO₂^-, NH₄⁺ and SO₄^2-, and the total entrapment rate was 92.86%, 57.86%, 87.24% and 87.25%, respectively, and it had a certain buffering function for the acid rain.