我国中东部水生态环境评价与对策研究

利用遥感(RS)和地面野外调查手段,对我国中东部地区水生态环境进行了现状调查与评估.结果表明:我国中东部地区农业用水比重大,水资源利用效率低,资源浪费严重;地表水资源干流水质总体稳定,部分流域水质有所改善,主要污染由工业污染向生活污染、农村面源污染转化;湖泊污染严重,湖泊富营养化现象普遍,赤潮濒发,损失较大;地下水主要以点状和面状污染为主,南方城市污染程度普遍高于北方城市;不合理水利工程干扰了自然水生态过程,加剧河流泥沙淤积,湖泊调蓄洪水生态功能随之下降;水资源利用强度超过了30%～40%的国际警界线,加剧了江河断流;水资源需求增大,地下水超采严重,出现地下水位下降、地面沉降、海水倒灌、泉水干枯等现象. 

Assessment on Water Eco-Environment in Mid-Eastern China

Using remote sensing (RS) data and field investigation results, the water eco-environment was analyzed in mid-eastern China. The results show: the proportion of agricultural water use in mid-eastern China is big, with low water utilization efficiency and serious resource waste; the water quality of main streams of surface water resource is stabilized in general, with improvement in some valleys, changing from industrial pollution to residential and farm area-source pollution; the lake water pollution is serious, lake eutrophication is common, and rich algae often appear on some areas, having resulted in big economic loss; the groundwater pollution is mainly from point and area sources, with more serious pollution in southern cities than in northern ones; illogical irrigation projects disturb the natural water eco-environment, deteriorate the river silting, and decrease the ecological function of flood adjustment and reservation; the waster use intensity goes beyond 30%～40%, the warning limit identified by international societies, and has brought in water blanking in some rivers; the water resource demand increases and the over-exploitation of groundwater is serious, having led to lowering of groundwater level, sea water encroachment, and dried-up of spring water.