城市化对上海市五角场地区鸟类群落的影响

从时间及空间2个尺度上分析了城市化对上海市五角场地区鸟类群落的影响。结果表明，城市化过程中五角场地区的鸟类急剧减少，种类数从128种降至46种，科的数目也减少近半，其原因主要是城市化导致鸟类栖息地丧失和栖息环境的改变。农田水网生境的消失直接导致游禽在该区域的全部消失，80%游禽和农田村居鸟类也随之迁出该区域。现存的鸟类群落组成以林区鸟为主，其次是灌丛鸟，主要分布在公园，学校等有大片绿地的区域，其组成特点与现有的园林系统植物群落结构直接相关。城郊自然保护地段仍孕育了大量的鸟类，但由于现有的园林绿化系统结构单一，且彼此分离，呈片断化，难以承担向城内输送物种的任务。一个具有复层混交立体且空间上连续的园林绿地系统是维持城区鸟类多亲性的物质基础。

Effects of Urbanization on Avian Community at Wujiaochang, Shanghai

Based on historical documents, the avian community at Wujiaochang, Shanghai in 1960's has been described and analysed, compared with that in 1990's and those in other three research areas distributed from urban region to suburb protected areas at the present time. Results showed that there were 128 bird species recorded in 1960s, and the bird number decreased to 46 in 1990s and more than half of the families disappeared with the development of urbanization. Swimming birds extincted, and 80% of wading birds moving away from this region due to the loss of river and wetland. The rapid transformation of landscape also leaded to considerable change of bird community. Nowadays, forests birds occupy the first position and become the dormant species, which is closely related to the structure of urban plant community. Very high bird species diversity exist in suburban protected areas but it is difficult for those birds to migrate into urban districts because the urban greenlands are widely isolated and consisted of unistrated plant community. A continuous and multistory urban forest is necessary for keeping the birds in the city.